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Keywords: glutamine synthetase
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Journal Articles
Feeding through your gills and turning a toxicant into a resource: how the dogfish shark scavenges ammonia from its environment
Available to Purchase
Journal:
Journal of Experimental Biology
J Exp Biol (2016) 219 (20): 3218–3226.
Published: 15 October 2016
... was insensitive to amiloride (0.1 mmol l −1 ) or to a 10-fold elevation in seawater K + concentration (to 100 mmol l −1 ), suggesting that the mechanism does not directly involve Na + or K + transporters, but was inhibited by blockade of glutamine synthetase, the enzyme that traps ammonia-N to fuel the ornithine...
Includes: Supplementary data
Journal Articles
Sensitivity of ventilation and brain metabolism to ammonia exposure in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss
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Journal:
Journal of Experimental Biology
J Exp Biol (2013) 216 (21): 4025–4037.
Published: 1 November 2013
... exposed to HEA in a time-series analysis [500 μmol l −1 (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 ; 15, 30, 45 and 60 min], as well as in a methionine sulfoxamine (MSOX) pre-injection experiment [to inhibit glutamine synthetase (GSase)]. These correlations consistently suggest that brain [T Amm ] is involved in the hyperventilatory...
Journal Articles
Interactions between cortisol and Rhesus glycoprotein expression in ureogenic toadfish, Opsanus beta
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Journal:
Journal of Experimental Biology
J Exp Biol (2012) 215 (2): 314–323.
Published: 15 January 2012
... decrease branchial ammonia excretion and become ureotelic. The objective of this study was to determine the influences of cortisol and ammonia on ammonia excretion relative to expression of Rhesus (Rh) glycoproteins and the ammonia-fixing enzyme, glutamine synthetase (GS). In vivo infusions...
Includes: Supplementary data
Journal Articles
Revisiting the effects of crowding and feeding in the gulf toadfish, Opsanus beta : the role of Rhesus glycoproteins in nitrogen metabolism and excretion
Available to PurchaseTamara M. Rodela, Andrew J. Esbaugh, Dirk Weihrauch, Clémence M. Veauvy, M. Danielle McDonald, Kathleen M. Gilmour, Patrick J. Walsh
Journal:
Journal of Experimental Biology
J Exp Biol (2012) 215 (2): 301–313.
Published: 15 January 2012
... the movement of NH 3 across cell membranes. This study examines the effects of crowding and feeding on ammonia excretion in gulf toadfish ( Opsanus beta ) within the context of Rh glycoproteins and the ammonia-fixing enzyme, glutamine synthetase (GS). Four Rh isoforms (Rhag, Rhbg, Rhcg1 and Rhcg2) were...
Includes: Supplementary data
Journal Articles
The freshwater Amazonian stingray, Potamotrygon motoro , up-regulates glutamine synthetase activity and protein abundance, and accumulates glutamine when exposed to brackish (15‰) water
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Journal:
Journal of Experimental Biology
J Exp Biol (2009) 212 (23): 3828–3836.
Published: 1 December 2009
...Y. K. Ip; A. M. Loong; B. Ching; G. H. Y. Tham; W. P. Wong; S. F. Chew SUMMARY This study aimed to examine whether the stenohaline freshwater stingray, Potamotrygon motoro , which lacks a functional ornithine—urea cycle, would up-regulate glutamine synthetase (GS) activity and protein abundance...
Journal Articles
Effects of crowding on ornithine–urea cycle enzyme mRNA expression and activity in gulf toadfish ( Opsanus beta )
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Journal:
Journal of Experimental Biology
J Exp Biol (2009) 212 (15): 2394–2402.
Published: 1 August 2009
... cycle (O–UC) enzyme activity and mRNA expression,we subjected toadfish to two-day and seven-day crowding regimes. Plasma cortisol levels were measured and liver tissue was assayed for ammonia and urea concentrations. Liver glutamine synthetase (GS), carbamoyl phosphate synthetase III (CPS), ornithine...
Journal Articles
Glutamine accumulation and up-regulation of glutamine synthetase activity in the swamp eel, Monopterus albus (Zuiew), exposed to brackish water
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Journal:
Journal of Experimental Biology
J Exp Biol (2009) 212 (9): 1248–1258.
Published: 1 May 2009
..., respectively, of fish exposed to 25‰ water. There were significant increases in glutamine synthetase(GS) activity in muscle and liver of these fish. In addition, exposure to 25‰ water for 4 days led to significant increases in GS protein abundance in both muscle and liver, indicating that increases...
Journal Articles
Chronic and acute ammonia toxicity in mudskippers, Periophthalmodon schlosseri and Boleophthalmus boddaerti : brain ammonia and glutamine contents, and effects of methionine sulfoximine and MK801
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Journal:
Journal of Experimental Biology
J Exp Biol (2005) 208 (10): 1993–2004.
Published: 15 May 2005
... and/or glutamine in their brains, and if acute ammonia intoxication could be prevented by the administration of methionine sulfoximine [MSO; an inhibitor of glutamine synthetase (GS)] or MK801 [an antagonist of n -methyl d -aspartate type glutamate (NMDA) receptors]. For P. schlosseri and B. boddaerti exposed...
Journal Articles
Exposure to air, but not seawater, increases the glutamine content and the glutamine synthetase activity in the marsh clam Polymesoda expansa
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Journal:
Journal of Experimental Biology
J Exp Biol (2004) 207 (26): 4605–4614.
Published: 15 December 2004
..., after exposure to air for 17 days, there were significant increases in ammonia content in all these tissues in P. expansa , accompanied by significant increases in glutamine content (2.9-, 2.5-, 4.5- and 3.4-fold,respectively). Simultaneously, there were significant increases in glutamine synthetase...
Journal Articles
Urea synthesis in the African lungfish Protopterus dolloi -hepatic carbamoyl phosphate synthetase III and glutamine synthetase are upregulated by 6 days of aerial exposure
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Journal:
Journal of Experimental Biology
J Exp Biol (2003) 206 (20): 3615–3624.
Published: 15 October 2003
... Mus musculus or as in other African lungfish reported elsewhere. However,similar to other African lungfish and tetrapods, hepatic arginase of P. dolloi is present mainly in the cytosol. Glutamine synthetase activity is present in both the mitochondrial and cytosolic fractions of the liver of P. dolloi...
Journal Articles
The swamp eel Monopterus albus reduces endogenous ammonia production and detoxifies ammonia to glutamine during 144 h of aerial exposure
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Journal:
Journal of Experimental Biology
J Exp Biol (2003) 206 (14): 2473–2486.
Published: 15 July 2003
... exposure. Instead, ammonia produced through amino acid catabolism was detoxified to glutamine, leading to the accumulation of glutamine in the body during the first 72 h of aerial exposure. Complimenting the increased glutamine formation was a significant increase in glutamine synthetase activity...
Journal Articles
A second glutamine synthetase gene with expression in the gills of the gulf toadfish ( Opsanus beta )
Available to PurchasePatrick J. Walsh, Gregory D. Mayer, Mónica Medina, Matthew L. Bernstein, John F. Barimo, Thomas P. Mommsen
Journal:
Journal of Experimental Biology
J Exp Biol (2003) 206 (9): 1523–1533.
Published: 1 May 2003
...Patrick J. Walsh; Gregory D. Mayer; Mónica Medina; Matthew L. Bernstein; John F. Barimo; Thomas P. Mommsen SUMMARY We characterized the expression of the nitrogen metabolism enzyme glutamine synthetase [GSase; L-glutamate: ammonia ligase (ADP-forming), E.C. 6.3.1.2] in tissues of the gulf toadfish...
Journal Articles
Glutamine synthetase expression in liver, muscle, stomach and intestine of Bostrichthys sinensis in response to exposure to a high exogenous ammonia concentration
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Journal:
Journal of Experimental Biology
J Exp Biol (2002) 205 (14): 2053–2065.
Published: 15 July 2002
... glutamine,primarily in the muscle, accompanied by an increase in glutamine synthetase(GSase) activity in liver. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect on GSase expression in various tissues of exposure of B. sinensis to exogenous ammonia. Exogenous ammonia increases internal ammonia...
Journal Articles
Ammonia detoxification and localization of urea cycle enzyme activity in embryos of the rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) in relation to early tolerance to high environmental ammonia levels
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Journal:
Journal of Experimental Biology
J Exp Biol (2001) 204 (12): 2145–2154.
Published: 15 June 2001
... The Company of Biologists Limited 2001 2001 amino acid ammonia excretion toxicity carbamoyl phosphate synthetase III glutamine synthetase hatching urea yolk rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. Recently, significant activities of the ornithine–urea cycle (OUC) enzymes carbamoyl...
Journal Articles
Functional Ureogenesis in the Gobiid Fish, Mugilogobius Abei
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Journal:
Journal of Experimental Biology
J Exp Biol (2000) 203 (24): 3703–3715.
Published: 15 December 2000
... N-enrichment of the amide-N in glutamine in the tissues of fish exposed to 15 N-labelled ammonia was virtually the same as that of ammonia-N: i.e. approximately twice that of urea-N in the excreta and the tissues. Glutamine contents and glutamine synthetase activities in the liver and muscle...
Journal Articles
Induction of Carbamoyl Phosphate Synthetase III and Glutamine Synthetase mRNA During Confinement Stress in Gulf Toadfish ( Opsanus Beta )
Available to PurchaseHaiyan Kong, Natalie Kahatapitiya, Kyle Kingsley, Wilmar L. Salo, Paul M. Anderson, Yuxiang S. Wang, Patrick J. Walsh
Journal:
Journal of Experimental Biology
J Exp Biol (2000) 203 (2): 311–320.
Published: 15 January 2000
... induction urea synthesis carbamoyl phosphate synthethase glutamine synthetase stress The mode of nitrogen excretion for most non-elasmobranch species of fish is ammoniotelic, i.e. nitrogen wastes are excreted mostly as ammonia across the gills into the surrounding aqueous environment. However...
Journal Articles
Nitrogen excretion and expression of urea cycle enzymes in the atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.): a comparison of early life stages with adults
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Journal:
Journal of Experimental Biology
J Exp Biol (1999) 202 (19): 2653–2662.
Published: 1 October 1999
... Atlantic cod ( Gadus morhua ) embryos, CPSase III, ornithine transcarbamoylase (OTCase), glutamine synthetase (GSase) and arginase activities were all expressed prior to hatching. Urea excretion was detected shortly after fertilization and rates were high relative to those of ammonia excretion (50–100...
Journal Articles
Pathways of inorganic nitrogen assimilation in chemoautotrophic bacteria–marine invertebrate symbioses: expression of host and symbiont glutamine synthetase
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Journal:
Journal of Experimental Biology
J Exp Biol (1999) 202 (3): 289–300.
Published: 1 February 1999
... and S. velum . This is evidence for nitrate utilization, either assimilation or respiration, by some vent species and is consistent with the high levels of nitrate availability at vents. The ammonia assimilation enzymes glutamine synthetase (GS) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) were detected in all...
Journal Articles
The marble goby Oxyeleotris marmoratus activates hepatic glutamine synthetase and detoxifies ammonia to glutamine during air exposure
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Journal:
Journal of Experimental Biology
J Exp Biol (1999) 202 (3): 237–245.
Published: 1 February 1999
... glutamine content, which peaked at 48 h. The increase in glutamine content could account for the decreases in the amounts of ammonia and urea excretion during air exposure. The specific activities of hepatic glutamate dehydrogenase (amination) and glutamine synthetase in these experimental fish increased...
Journal Articles
Nitrogen Recycling or Nitrogen Conservation in an Alga–Invertebrate Symbiosis?
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Journal:
Journal of Experimental Biology
J Exp Biol (1998) 201 (16): 2445–2453.
Published: 15 August 1998
... in the sea anemone Aiptasia pulchella , caused by darkness or depletion of the alga Symbiodinium , was partially or completely reversed by supplementing the medium with organic carbon compounds (e.g. α-ketoglutarate). Second, the activity of the ammonium-assimilating enzyme glutamine synthetase...
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