... primarily by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation and the David and Lucile Packard Foundation. Each iteration of the mathematical model accounted for breakage in the first geniculum by subtracting the portion of genicular cross-sectional area that had exceeded ϵ break . After calculating frond...

...})\mathrm{sin}\left(\frac{{\phi}_{1}}{2}\right)}{{\omega}}\right)+\frac{F\mathrm{sin}({\phi}_{1})}{{\pi}r_{1}r_{2}}.\] \end{document} The model computed maximum stress (i.e. stress in the outermost tissue,θ=π/2) in the first geniculum bent to ϕ 1 . Total stress was calculated as the sum of stresses...

... along articulated fronds. Here, I describe the allometric scaling of geniculum size, breaking force and tissue strength along articulated fronds in two species of Calliarthron . Genicular material is much stronger than tissue from fleshy macroalgae. Moreover, as fronds grow, genicula get bigger...