... at high temperatures in jumping trials. In addition, across all treatments, frogs with shorter larval periods had lower critical thermal minima and maxima. We also found that developing under warming and drying resulted in a less exploratory behavioral phenotype, and that drying resulted in higher...

... , 2048 - 2051 . 10.1152/jappl.1994.77.4.2048 Kogo , N. and Remmers , J. E. ( 1994 ). Neural organization of the ventilatory activity in the frog, Rana catesbeiana. II . J. Neurobiol. 25 , 1080 - 1094 . 10.1002/neu.480250905 Kogo , N. , Perry , S. F...

... evidence of increased force capacity in their energy loading muscle, changes in the fundamental properties of such muscles have yet to be documented in vertebrates. Here, we used three species of frogs (Cuban tree frogs, bullfrogs and cane toads) that differ in jumping power to investigate functional...

... effects of limb inertia, musculoskeletal architecture and contractile dynamics. We introduce in vitro virtual reality ( in vitro -VR) which enables in vitro muscle tissue to drive a musculoskeletal jumping simulation. In hardware, muscle force from a frog plantaris was transmitted to a software model...

...Christopher Thomas Richards; Laura Beatriz Porro; Amber Jade Collings ABSTRACT The kinematic flexibility of frog hindlimbs enables multiple locomotor modes within a single species. Prior work has extensively explored maximum performance capacity in frogs; however, the mechanisms by which anurans...

... localized gland cells, then behaviorally exit their capsule in seconds to escape predator attacks. This represents a novel hatching mechanism in frogs. Hatching gland cells Phenotypic plasticity Frogs Embryo behavior Antipredator defense Hatching is an essential event in animal development...

... examined brevinin-1SY regulation during development and in adult frogs in response to environmental stress. The brevinin-1SY nucleotide sequence was identified and used for protein modeling. Brevinin-1SY was predicted to be an amphipathic, hydrophobic, alpha helical peptide that inserts into a lipid...

... the features listed above, the length of its tongue relative to the mandibles differs from that of basal frogs at full protraction. Among anurans, relative tongue length at maximum protraction varies from approximately 20 % of mandibular length in Discoglossus pictus (family Discoglossidae; Nishikawa...

...Günter Ehret; Elke Keilwerth; Tsutomu Kamada ABSTRACT Frequency–response curves of the tympanum and lateral body wall (lung area) were measured by laser Doppler vibrometry in three treefrog ( Smilisca baudini, Hyla cinerea, Osteopilus septentrionalis ) and four dendrobatid frog ( Dendrobates...

...Stephen M. Deban; Kiisa C. Nishikawa ABSTRACT Prey capture was studied in the green tree frog (Hyla cinerea) before and after denervation of either the m. genioglossus or m. submentalis using high-speed videography and kinematic analysis. The prey capture behavior and extent of tongue protraction...

...KIISA C. NISHIKAWA; GERHARD ROTH The mechanism of tongue protraction in the archaeobatrachian frog Discoglossus pictus was studied using high-speed video motion analysis before and after denervation of the submentalis and genioglossus muscles. The kinematics of prey capture were compared (1...