.... Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd 2023 Summary: Rough substrates influence animal walking based on the relative, not absolute, scale of substrate features; this Review proposes terminology and metrics to enhance comparative study. Locomotion Terrestrial Legged Adhesion Friction...

... during attachment to different extents; attachment is sufficient on wet substrates but is strongly reduced. Biomechanics Functional morphology Friction Adhesion Tarsus morphology Locomotion Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659 GO 995/34-1...

.../ Summary: Substrate geometry has a major influence on stick insect attachment. Traction force decreases and pull-off force increases with increasing curvature. Adhesion Friction Biomechanics Euplantula Arolium Tarsal pads Attachment during locomotion on different kinds of surfaces...

...-sensitive friction pads. Different attachment microstructures on the euplantulae reveal an adaptation of smooth euplantulae to smooth surfaces and nubby eupantulae to a broader range of surface roughness. However, how different attachment pads and claws work in concert and how strong the contribution...

...Jonas O. Wolff; Chantal Wiegmann; Christian S. Wirkner; Alexander Koehnsen; Stanislav N. Gorb ABSTRACT Prehensile and gripping organs are recurring structures in different organisms that enhance friction by the reinforcement and redirection of normal forces. The relationship between organ structure...

... Crataerina pallida (Diptera, Hippoboscidae) can stay attached to its flying host, the common swift, by using a strongly modified tarsal attachment system, which provides exceptionally high attachment forces on various surfaces. Biomechanics Interlocking Friction Adhesion Ecomorphology Parasitism...

... structures at their legs and a pygopodium at the abdomen tip. Adults have pointed setae on the ventral side of the two proximal tarsomeres and densely arranged spatula-shaped ones on their third tarsomere. In a centrifugal force tester, larvae and adults attained the highest friction forces and safety...

... the manuscript, and R.S.F. and R.J.F. drafted and revised the manuscript. Competing interests The authors declare no competing financial interests. 6 6 2013 19 9 2013 © 2014. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd 2014 Gecko Adhesion Friction Tribology Contact mechanics...

...Ellen Wohlfart; Jonas O. Wolff; Eduard Arzt; Stanislav N. Gorb Dynamic attachment is the key to moving safely and fast in a three-dimensional environment. Among lizards, hexapods and arachnids, several lineages have evolved hairy foot pads that can generate strong friction and adhesion on both...

... that both shear movements and a ‘flushing’ effect of the secreted mucus play an important role in shedding particles/contaminants. * Author for correspondence ( [email protected] ) 16 4 2012 9 8 2012 © 2012. 2012 tree frog adhesion friction self-cleaning...

... reduction increases with the size of the contact-forming element. The pretarsus of P. dispar bears two claws that provide a safe grip on rough surfaces. Experiments with beetles on rough surfaces showed that pretarsal claws can significantly increase friction, when asperity sizes are much bigger...

... of these setose pads in underwater attachment for the first time, we measured friction (shear) forces generated by the gill lamellae on solid substrates. Moreover, the influence of a different kind of surface roughness on attachment was investigated. Scanning electron microscopy showed that four different seta...

...Peter H. Warman; A. Roland Ennos SUMMARY It is generally assumed that fingerprints improve the grip of primates, but the efficiency of their ridging will depend on the type of frictional behaviour the skin exhibits. Ridges would be effective at increasing friction for hard materials...

...S. N. Patek; J. E. Baio SUMMARY The dynamic interplay between static and sliding friction is fundamental to many animal movements. One interesting example of stick–slip friction is found in the sound-producing apparatus of many spiny lobster species(Palinuridae). The acoustic movements of the spiny...

... the hypothesis that gecko toes peel like tape. The linear relation between adhesion and shear force is consistent with a critical angle of release in live gecko toes and isolated setal arrays, and also with our prior observations of single setae. We introduced a new model,frictional adhesion, for gecko pad...

... on smooth surfaces at various stages of ontogenesis. Friction (shear) force (FF) of adults and juvenile insects was measured by the use of a computer controlled centrifugal force tester equipped with a fibre optical sensor. Pad area, body size and body mass were determined individually for each experimental...

... and frictional forces in Asian Weaver ants ( Oecophylla smaragdina ). When forces are acting parallel to the surface, pads in contact with the surface can slide smoothly. Force per unit pad contact area was strongly dependent on sliding velocity and temperature. Seemingly consistent with the effect of a thin...

... of the fractured claw material was studied by scanning electron microscopy. The bending stress of the claw was evaluated as 143.4-684.2 MPa, depending on the cross-section model selected. Data from these different approaches led us to propose a model explaining the saturation of friction force with increased...

...Stanislav Gorb; Elena Gorb; Victoria Kastner ABSTRACT To test the role of constructional and dimensional factors in the generation of friction force by systems of setose attachment pads, six species of syrphid fly ( Platycheirus angustatus, Sphaerophoria scripta, Episyrphus balteatus, Eristalis...

... Reynolds numbers and turbulent flow at the highest Reynolds numbers. In some cases, oscillation between laminar and turbulent profile shapes with body phase was observed. Local friction coefficients, boundary layer thickness and fluid velocities at the edge of the boundary layer were suggestive of local...