... with it in naturally freeze-tolerant insects. Here, we show that nuclear DNA fragmentation begins to occur in larval haemocytes of two fly species, Chymomyza costata and Drosophila melanogaster , before or at the same time as the sub-zero temperature is reached that causes irreparable freezing injury and mortality...

... in hemolymph in a ratio of 313:108:55:26:6:4:2.9:0.5 mmol l −1 . Using calorimetry, we show that artificial mixtures, mimicking the concentrations of major CPs in hemolymph of freeze-tolerant larvae, suppress the melting point of water and significantly reduce the ice fraction. We demonstrate in a bioassay...

... RCH response that extends freeze tolerance in laboratory conditions. However, the discriminating temperatures used in previous studies of RCH are far below those ever experienced in the field. Here, we tested the hypothesis that RCH protects against non-lethal freezing injury. Larvae of B. antarctica...

...Lauren E. Des Marteaux; Tomáš Štětina; Vladimír Koštál ABSTRACT Mechanistic understanding about the nature of cellular cryoinjury and mechanisms by which some animals survive freezing while others do not is currently lacking. Here, we exploited the broadly manipulable freeze tolerance of larval...

...) as well as long-term fitness-related performance (survival and egg production) in the freeze-tolerant goldenrod gall fly, Eurosta solidaginis . We exposed overwintering prepupae to a series of low temperatures (−10, −15 or −20°C) with increasing numbers of freezing events (3, 6 or 10) with differing...

...Jan Rozsypal; Martin Moos; Petr Šimek; Vladimír Koštál ABSTRACT Some insects rely on the strategy of freeze tolerance for winter survival. During freezing, extracellular body water transitions from the liquid to the solid phase and cells undergo freeze-induced dehydration. Here, we present results...

... the use of carbohydrate and lipid stores during winter have not been well-explored. Insects usually accumulate cryoprotectants over winter, and the resulting increase in haemolymph viscosity is likely to reduce lipid transport. For freeze-tolerant insects (which withstand internal ice), we speculate...

... 2014 Body condition Fitness Freeze tolerance Maternal effects Nest environment Nest predators Supercooling Temperature Factors influencing population dynamics are well studied in animal ecology and conservation. Many environmental factors impact population dynamics because...

..., of frozen frogs. Wood frogs in Interior Alaska survive freezing to extreme limits and durations compared with those described in animals collected in southern Canada or the Midwestern United States. We hypothesize that this enhancement of freeze tolerance in Alaskan wood frogs is due to higher...

... of acTAGs, present only during winter, appear to be synthesized by E. solidaginis and are not found in other freeze-tolerant insects, nor in the plant host. The mixture of acTAGs found in E. solidaginis has a significantly lower melting point than equivalent lcTAGs, and thus remains liquid at temperatures...

...Jon P. Costanzo; M. Clara F. do Amaral; Andrew J. Rosendale; Richard E. Lee, Jr SUMMARY We investigated hibernation physiology and freeze tolerance in a population of the wood frog, Rana sylvatica , indigenous to Interior Alaska, USA, near the northernmost limit of the species' range. Winter...

...A. L. Patrício Silva; M. Holmstrup; V. Kostal; M. J. B. Amorim SUMMARY Enchytraeus albidus is a freeze-tolerant enchytraeid found in diverse habitats, ranging from supralittoral to terrestrial and spanning temperate to arctic regions. Its freeze tolerance is well known but the effect of salinity...

...Brent J. Sinclair; Joseph R. Stinziano; Caroline M. Williams; Heath A. MacMillan; Katie E. Marshall; Kenneth B. Storey SUMMARY Ectotherms overwintering in temperate ecosystems must survive low temperatures while conserving energy to fuel post-winter reproduction. Freeze-tolerant wood frogs, Rana...

...% of the experiment time; supplementary material Table S1 ). In the case of freeze-tolerant insects, it is important to distinguish between studies of repeated freeze–thaw (RFT) on its own (e.g. Brown et al., 2004 ; Marshall and Sinclair, 2011 ), and those that contrast RFT and RCE (e.g. Sinclair and Chown, 2005...

... 2011 © 2012. 2012 glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) freeze tolerance Rana sylvatica protein phosphorylation glucose cryoprotectant Glycogen and glucose metabolism are of central importance to physiology. The monosaccharide glucose is a fundamental fuel for all cells...

...Katie E. Marshall; Brent J. Sinclair SUMMARY Repeated freeze–thaw cycles are common and are increasing in frequency with climate change in many temperate locations, yet understanding of their impact on freeze-tolerant insects is extremely limited. We investigated the effects of repeated freezing...

... with sub-zero temperatures and severe osmotic stress in two commonly found cyclomorphic stages of the marine eutardigrade Halobiotus crispae . Our results show that only animals in the so-called pseudosimplex 1 stage are freeze tolerant. In pseudosimplex 1, as well as active-stage animals kept...

... this the first described species of freeze-tolerant stonefly. N. arctica clearly survive freezing in nature, as winter-collected nymphs encased in ice demonstrated high survivorship when thawed. In the laboratory, 87% of N. arctica nymphs frozen to –15°C for 2.5 weeks survived and, within one month of thawing...

...Jon P. Costanzo; Richard E. Lee, Jr SUMMARY We tested the hypothesis that urea, an osmolyte accumulated early in hibernation, functions as a cryoprotectant in the freeze-tolerant wood frog, Rana sylvatica . Relative to saline-treated, normouremic (10 μmol ml –1 ) frogs, individuals rendered...

... dehydration freeze tolerance supercooling Cold-hardy invertebrates can be classified most simply as freeze tolerant or freeze intolerant. Freeze-tolerant species survive the freezing of their body fluids by promoting ice nucleation at high subzero temperatures and through the seasonal accumulation...