... and intercellular changes in phenotype. Mitochondrial respiration rate in permeabilized and isolated flight muscle was measured in adults. We found that permeabilized flight muscle fibers from the hypoxic group had increased mitochondrial oxygen consumption, but this was not replicated in isolated flight muscle...

...Soren Z. Coulson; Christopher G. Guglielmo; James F. Staples ABSTRACT Birds remodel their flight muscle metabolism prior to migration to meet the physiological demands of migratory flight, including increases in both oxidative capacity and defence against reactive oxygen species. The degree...

...Morag F. Dick; Keith A. Hobson; Christopher G. Guglielmo ABSTRACT Dietary n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) are hypothesized to be natural doping agents in migratory shorebirds, enabling prolonged flight by increasing membrane fluidity and oxidative capacity of the flight muscles...

... and gastrointestinal tract through the time course of volume changes. Fat content sensitivity enabled the analysis of flight muscles transformation during the metamorphosis by the signal histogram and gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM). Although the transformation during metamorphosis is well known, MRM enables...

... muscle, heart and liver of ruby-throated hummingbirds ( Archilochus colubris ). The GLUTs examined were detected in nearly all tissues tested. Hepatic GLUT1 was minimally present in whole-tissue homogenates and absent win PM fractions. GLUT5 was expressed in flight muscles at levels comparable to those...

...James F. Staples; Erin L. Koen; Terence M. Laverty SUMMARY In the flight muscles of European bumblebees, high activities of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FbPase) relative to phosphofructokinase (PFK)have suggested a thermogenic `futile cycle' important for regional endothermy. We find generally low...

...David T. Sullivan; R. MacIntyre; N. Fuda; J. Fiori; J. Barrilla; L. Ramizel SUMMARY In Drosophila flight muscles, glycolytic enzymes are co-localized along sarcomeres at M-lines and Z-discs and co-localization is required for normal flight. We have extended our analysis of this phenomenon...

...Gerhard Wegener; Volker Tschiedel; Paul Schlöder; Osamu Ando SUMMARY The main blood sugar of locusts is trehalose, which is hydrolysed to two glucose units by trehalase. Homogenates of locust flight muscles are rich in trehalase activity, which is bound to membranes. A minor fraction of trehalase...

... 2000 10 05 2000 © 2000 by Company of Biologists 2000 length–force coracobrachialis posterior muscle bird flight flight evolution flight muscle flight control pigeon Columba livia The evolution of powered flight in birds is associated with extensive modification...

...O. T. Morris; C. Duch; P. A. Stevenson ABSTRACT The synaptic potentials generated in neuromodulatory octopaminergic dorsal unpaired median (DUM) neurones by afferents excited by twitch contractions of a dorso-ventral flight muscle were investigated in the locust. Responses to stimulation...

...Jim O. Vigoreaux; Carmen Hernandez; Jeff Moore; Gretchen Ayer; David Maughan ABSTRACT We have developed a reverse-genetic approach to study the function of flightin, a unique protein of the flight muscle myofibril of Drosophila melanogaster . We describe the generation and characterization of Df(3L...

... evolution flight muscle flight control starling Sturnus vulgaris pigeon Columba livia The evolution of powered flight in birds from their theropod ancestors, beginning with the Late Jurassic form Archaeopteryx , demonstrates a number of advanced musculoskeletal reconfigurations...

...Robert K. Josephson ABSTRACT The work loop approach was used to measure mechanical power output from an asynchronous flight muscle, the dorso-ventral muscle of the bumblebee Bombus terrestris . Measurements were made at the optimum muscle length for work output at 30 °C and at a muscle temperature...

...Robert K. Josephson; C. P. Ellington ABSTRACT Isometric contractions from the asynchronous dorso-ventral flight muscle of the bumblebee Bombus terrestris were slow and rather weak. The twitch duration (onset to 50 % relaxation) was approximately 300 ms at 30 °C and 170 ms at 40 °C. The maximum...

...Robert K. Josephson ABSTRACT Length–tension relationships and work output were investigated in the intact, dorso-ventral flight muscle of the bumblebee Bombus terrestris . The muscle is an asynchronous muscle. Like other asynchronous flight muscles, it has high resting stiffness and produces...

...Marcus J. King; Stephen L. Buchmann; Hayward Spangler ABSTRACT The indirect flight muscles of bees are used to produce a variety of actions in addition to flight, including sonication, which has a higher frequency than flight. We observed the dynamic movement of the scutum during sonication...

... octopamine microinjection thoracic ganglia flight muscle Manduca sexta Improvements in purification techniques along with new approaches using molecular biology have led to a steady increase in the number of putative chemical messengers characterized in insects. This progress has been most...

...Matthew D. Whim; Peter D. Evans ABSTRACT The role of cyclic AMP in the octopaminergic modulation of the dorsal longitudinal flight muscles of the locust Schistocerca gregaria has been investigated. Several techniques have been used to elevate cyclic AMP levels in this tissue by mechanisms...

...HARALD ESCH; FRANZ GOLLER The big indirect flight muscles in the thorax of honeybees and bumblebees show two modes of action: they contract with ‘conventional’ twitches in response to slowly repeated muscle potentials and go into tetanus at higher muscle potential frequencies. They can also...

... behaviour and designated it ‘pseudo-flight behaviour’. * Present address: Department of Biology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama 701-01, Japan. † To whom offprint requests should be sent. 14 8 1990 © 1991 by Company of Biologists 1991 cricket flight muscle...