... taurine efflux is necessary to counteract swelling and protect function following osmotic stress caused by increased cardiac demands and the accumulation of anaerobic end products at high temperatures in fish. Fish heart Fluid regulation Regulatory volume decrease Upper thermal tolerance β...

...Ahmed Badr; Minna Hassinen; Matti Vornanen ABSTRACT The spatial pattern of electrical activation is crucial for a full understanding of fish heart function. However, it remains unclear whether there is regional variation in action potential (AP) morphologies and underlying ion currents. Because...

... in rainbow trout is due to atrio-ventricular block, an outcome from the opposite effects of temperature on depolarizing sodium (source) current and repolarizing potassium (sink) current of ventricular myocytes. Fish heart Electrocardiogram Cardiac arrhythmia Sodium current Chronaxie Rheobase...

...://www.biologists.com/user-licence-1-1/ Summary: Low temperature pre-conditions fish heart for prolonged anoxia by changes in activity of excitation–contraction coupling genes and thereby allows sustained bradycardia and prolongation of ventricular action potential when oxygen shortage sets in. Anoxia...

... Muscarinic receptors Fish heart Atrial myocytes Ionic currents I KACh Cardiac contractility is adjusted to circulatory demands on a beat-to-beat basis by the interaction of sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems via β-adrenergic receptors and muscarinic (M 2 ) cholinergic receptors...

... financial interests. 17 5 2013 17 9 2013 © 2014. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd 2014 High temperature tolerance Fish heart Action potential Ion current Electrocardiogram All biological functions have strict thermal limits, making environmental temperature...

...Hanna Korajoki; Matti Vornanen SUMMARY Calsequestrin (CASQ) is the main Ca 2+ binding protein within the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) of the vertebrate heart. The contribution of SR Ca 2+ stores to contractile activation is larger in atrial than ventricular muscle, and in ectothermic fish hearts...

.... * Author for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected] ) 10 4 2008 © The Company of Biologists Limited 2008 2008 temperature acclimation fish heart repolarisation Inward-rectifier potassium (Kir2) channels conduct large inward currents at membrane potentials negative...

... for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected] ) 10 5 2006 © The Company of Biologists Limited 2006 2006 action potential Na + -Ca 2+ exchange l -type Ca 2+ channel K + channel I Ca I Kr I K1 sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) temperature fish heart caffeine...

.... scorpius display a significant decline in heart rate and cardiac output while maintaining ventral aortic blood pressure under hypoxia ( Fritsche, 1990 ). As discussed above, increased K + levels exert negative inotropic effects on the fish heart and this may influence cardiac function in sculpin during...

... in supporting the variable life styles and habitat conditions of each species. * Author for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected] ) 20 5 2004 © The Company of Biologists Limited 2004 2004 fish heart thermal acclimation sodium current Carassius carassius Oncorhynchus...

... suggests that the hormone plays an important intracardiac role in the fish heart. References Ai, T., Horie, M., Obayashi, K. and Sasayama, S. ( 1998 ). Accentuated antagonism by angiotensin II on guinea-pig cardiac l -type Ca-currents enhanced by β-adrenergic stimulation. Eur. J. Physiol. 436...

... and may therefore be important in the regulation of contractility. The observation of impaired force development in glibenclamide-treated preparations is unexpected and again difficult to explain using the available literature on either mammalian or fish heart. Theoretically, blocking sK ATP -channel...

... temperature acclimation fish heart sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca 2+ uptake excitation–contraction coupling thapsigargin Fura-2 rainbow trout crucian carp Carassius carassius Oncorhynchus mykiss Sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) participates in the contraction and relaxation of cardiac muscle...

... important in modulating cardiac contractility in trout than in carp. * e-mail: [email protected] 26 11 1997 26 1 1998 © The Company of Biologists Limited 1998 fish heart ventricular myocyte L-type Ca 2+ current, α -adrenergic stimulation isoprenaline...

... size fish heart pumping capacity contraction force contraction duration temperature force staircase Carassius carassius Temperature strongly influences the contractile performance of skeletal and cardiac muscles ( Bennett, 1984 ; Farrell, 1984 ; Rail and Woledge, 1990 ). In many...

... directly with fish heart models ( Bailey & Driedzic, 1986 ; Driedzic, Stewart & Scott, 1982 ) and indirectly by following discharge of high-energy phosphates in rat heart ( Taylor, Matthews & Radda, 1986 ). Simple mathematical models are consistent with the importance of myoglobin during...