... Summary: We outline practical guidelines for conducting, analysing and reporting escape response experiments in fish with the aim of facilitating study replication, comparative analyses and evidence synthesis. Biomechanics Fast-start Locomotion Whole-organism performance Startle response...

...Mary C. Fashingbauer; Lillian J. Tuttle; H. Eve Robinson; J. Rudi Strickler; Daniel K. Hartline; Petra H. Lenz ABSTRACT Predatory fishes avoid detection by prey through a stealthy approach, followed by a rapid and precise fast-start strike. Although many first-feeding fish larvae strike at non...

...: Hunting archerfish use information sampled in less than 100 ms to assess the initial height of ballistically falling prey. Depth vision Visual perception Predation Fast-start Decision making Archerfish dislodge aerial prey from twigs or leaves by a shot of water fired from their mouth...

... high-speed video. Strikingly, the predictive starts show all hallmarks of Mauthner-driven teleost C-type fast-starts, which have previously not been noted in feeding strikes and were not expected to provide the high angular accuracy required. The high demands on flexibility and precision...

...Jeremy A. Goldbogen; Robert E. Shadwick; Douglas S. Fudge; John M. Gosline SUMMARY Muscle length changes of the lateral myotomal fast fibers of rainbow trout( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) were measured using sonomicrometry during induced fast-starts. Simultaneous high-speed videography allowed...

... with its Mauthner cell. These data suggest that the withdrawal response is a more diverse functional system than has previously been believed. * Author for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected] ) 3 8 2004 © The Company of Biologists Limited 2004 2004 fast-start startle...

...Julie E. Schriefer; Melina E. Hale SUMMARY S-starts are a major class of fast-start behaviors that serve diverse locomotor functions in fishes, playing roles in both feeding strike and escape startle events. While movement patterns are similar during strike and startle,their motor control...

...Eric D. Tytell; George V. Lauder SUMMARY The fast-start escape response is the primary reflexive escape mechanism in a wide phylogenetic range of fishes. To add detail to previously reported novel muscle activity patterns during the escape response of the bichir, Polypterus , we analyzed escape...

... organization involving reticulospinal and local control of muscle activity. e-mail: [email protected] 1 5 2002 © The Company of Biologists Limited 2002 2002 swimming fast-start neural circuit startle muskellunge Esox masquinongy electromyography C-start S-start Fast...

...D. J. Ellerby; J. D. Altringham SUMMARY Fish fast-starts and sprints are rapid kinematic events powered by the lateral myotomal musculature. A distinction can be made between fast-starts and sprint-swimming activity. Fast-starts are kinematic events involving rapid, asymmetrical movements. Sprints...

...James M. Wakeling; Kirsty M. Kemp; Ian A. Johnston ABSTRACT Common carp Cyprinus carpio L. were reared a constant temperature of 20 °C from the larval (7 mm total length) to the juvenile (80 mm) stage. Body morphology and white muscle mass distribution were measured. Fast-start escape responses...

...Melina E. Hale ABSTRACT Fast-start locomotor behavior is important for escaping from predators and for capturing prey. To examine the effects of size and other aspects of developmental morphology on fast-start performance, the kinematics of the fast-start escape behavior were studied through early...

...James M. Wakeling; Ian A. Johnston ABSTRACT Fish fast-starts are rapid events caused by the simultaneous onset of muscle activity along one side of the body. Spine curvature and the strain and electromyographic activity in white muscle were measured for fast-starts in the common carp Cyprinus...

...James M. Wakeling; Ian A. Johnston ABSTRACT White muscle strains were recorded using sonomicrometry techniques for 70 fast-starts in the common carp Cyprinus carpio L. High-speed ciné images were recorded simultaneously for 54 of these starts, and muscle strain was calculated independently from...

...Mark W. Westneat; Melina E. Hale; Matthew J. Mchenry; John H. Long, JR ABSTRACT The fast-start escape response is a rapid, powerful body motion used to generate high accelerations of the body in virtually all fishes. Although the neurobiology and behavior of the fast-start are often studied...

...James M. Wakeling; Ian A. Johnston ABSTRACT Fast-starts associated with escape responses were filmed at the median habitat temperatures of six teleost fish: Notothenia coriiceps and Notothenia rossii (Antarctica), Myoxocephalus scorpius (North Sea), Scorpaena notata and Serranus cabrilla...

...B. Ahlborn; S. Chapman; R. Stafford; R. W. Blake; D. G. Harper ABSTRACT Measurements of the thrust and forward impulse of a simulated fish tail and mathematical modeling indicate that the propulsive forces of fast-start swimming can be optimized by three different effects: (i) exactly inverting...

...Paolo Domenici; Robert W. Blake ABSTRACT Fast-starts are brief, sudden accelerations used by fish during predator–prey encounters. The kinematics and performance of fish during fast-start manoeuvres have received a lot of attention since they may determine the outcome of predator–prey interactions...

...Elizabeth L. Brainerd; Benjamin N. Page; Frank E. Fish ABSTRACT When attacked by predators, flatfishes perform fast-starts that result in a rapid take-off from the ocean bottom on which they lie. High-speed video recordings of the blind side of flatfishes indicate that they expel a coherent jet...

...T. C. Law; R. W. Blake ABSTRACT Fast-start escape performances for two species of threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus spp., were investigated using high-speed cinematography (400 Hz). The two fishes (not yet formally described, referred to here as benthic and limnetic) inhabit different niches...