... studies and experimental evolution. Organisms that inhabit a range of pH environments (e.g. pH gradients at volcanic CO 2 seeps or in upwelling zones) have great potential for studies that identify adaptive shifts that have occurred through evolution. Comparative studies have advanced our understanding...

... generated starvation-resistant flies through experimental evolution to investigate the relationship between foraging behaviors and starvation resistance. Outbred populations of D. melanogaster were selected for starvation resistance over 60 generations. This selection process resulted in flies...

... traits and phenotypic plasticity may evolve together. In our study we subjected bulb mites (non-model, soil organisms that normally experience rather stable thermal conditions) to experimental evolution in two temperature treatments: control (24°C) and elevated (28°C). After 18 generations, we measured...

... selection corticosterone experimental evolution immune function trade-off trichinosis voluntary exercise wheel running A major theme in the field of ecological immunology ( Sheldon and Verhulst, 1996 ; Wikelski and Ricklefs, 2001 ; Martin et al., 2007 ) is the potential for physiological...

... will favor more sperm. To investigate how developmental trajectories affect the evolution of sperm production, we performed experimental evolution by directly competing alleles controlling hermaphrodite sperm count, conducted under different environmental conditions that alter development time. Results...

... Scientific Publishers . Garland T. Jr , Rose M. R. (eds.) ( 2009 ). Experimental evolution: concepts, methods, and applications of selection experiments , p. 752 . Berkeley : University of California Press . Garland T. Jr , Morgan M. T. , Swallow J. G. , Rhodes...

... of selective breeding (experimental evolution) as a tool to alter the performance capacities of rodents (see also Koch et al., 1998 ; Koch and Britton, 2001 ; Waters et al., 2008 ; Swallow et al., 2009 ). Fig. 6. Plasma lactate levels (mmol l –1 ) at rest during the day,during nightly wheel running...

... for correspondence (e-mail: tgarland@ucr.edu ) 28 5 2009 2009 artificial selection exercise experimental evolution maximum metabolic rate oxygen consumption sprint speed trade-off For most animals, the ability to move through the environment is fundamental to many fitness-critical...

... metabolism. * Author for correspondence (e-mail: syme@ucalgary.ca ) 17 1 2009 2009 artificial selection efficiency energetics experimental evolution multiple solutions muscle myosin heavy chain oxygen work Beginning in 1993 with a sample of 224 outbred Hsd:ICR house...

... address: Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, UNESP – Botucatu, SP 18618-000, Brazil 10 11 2008 2009 adaptive plasticity artificial selection experimental evolution glycogen GLUT-4 phenotypic plasticity selection limit voluntary exercise In mammalian...

... for correspondence (e-mail: marcin.czarnoleski@uj.edu.pl ) 20 11 2007 © The Company of Biologists Limited 2008 2008 metabolism growth rate 3/4 power law life history allometry cost of growth body size experimental evolution growth efficiency bioenergetics food consumption cell size...

... experimental evolution locomotor activity maximum oxygen consumption running performance thermogenesis mouse Studies of locomotor performance have been crucial for understanding how behavior and physiology interact at ecological and evolutionary levels (e.g. Bennett and Huey, 1990 ; Autumn et al...