...Elizabeth L. Franklin; Elva J. H. Robinson; James A. R. Marshall; Ana B. Sendova-Franks; Nigel R. Franks SUMMARY Learning is widespread in invertebrates. However, whether social insects improve their recruitment skills with experience is only beginning to be investigated. Tandem running is a one...

... the highly complex chemical surroundings, and how experience acts on this sensory, cognitive and behavioural capability, we ran a study in four steps including a total of eight experiments. We mainly used a binary AB mixture comprising ethyl isobutyrate (component A) and ethyl maltol (component B...

...Gaia Dell'Ariccia; Giacomo Dell'Omo; Hans-Peter Lipp SUMMARY Flight experience is one of the factors that influences initial orientation of displaced homing pigeons ( Columba livia ). Prior studies showed a systematic dependence of initial orientation on previously flown direction. Using GPS data...

..., which were first described by Kramer (1957) , vary in size. At most sites, they are not very large, but occasionally may be as much as 180°. Releases at the same site normally produce very similar results, which are independent of weather conditions, age and general experience of the birds ( Wallraff...