..., in response to stimulation of command neurons, or in response to application of neuromodulators and transmitter analogues. We used single-electrode voltage clamp of power-stroke exciter and return-stroke exciter motor neurons to study changes in membrane currents during spontaneous transitions and during...

... muscles (inhibition) and endodermal circular muscles (excitation) are the mirror image of those of Antho-RNamide ( McFarlane et al . 1991 ; McFarlane and Grimmelikhuijzen, 1991 ). We were unable to show whether Antho-RNamide acts directly on muscle cells or indirectly on conducting systems...