... and accelerate. The escape trajectory is determined by the initial turn (stage 1) and a contralateral bend (stage 2). Previous studies have used a single threat or model predator as a stimulus. In nature, however, multiple predators may attack from different directions simultaneously or in close succession...

... of vaterite alters fish behaviour in ways that are likely to decrease survival. Behaviour C-start Escape trajectory Fish Salmonidae The escape response of an organism is generally its last line of defence against a predator. In fishes, the fast-start escape response is the main locomotor...

... the threat) and the escape trajectories (ETs) measured relative to the threat. Although logic would suggest that animals should always turn away from a predator, work on various species shows that these away responses occur only approximately 50–90% of the time. A small proportion of towards responses may...

...Paolo Domenici; Jonathan M. Blagburn; Jonathan P. Bacon Summary Escape trajectories (ETs; measured as the angle relative to the direction of the threat) have been studied in many taxa using a variety of methodologies and definitions. Here, we provide a review of methodological issues followed...

... escape responses are comparatively rare amongst animals. Even when there is no selection of escape trajectory on the basis of sensory feedback relating to the direction of the threat, mechanical factors, including the structure and symmetry of the locomotory organs and the shape of the body, may bias...

...Stephen A. Arnott; Douglas M. Neil; Alan D. Ansell ABSTRACT Tail-flip escape trajectories of the brown shrimp Crangon crangon have been investigated in response to a natural predator, the cod Gadus morhua , and an artificial stimulus. Shrimps escaped by rolling to their left or right during...