...Vivek Nityananda; Rohini Balakrishnan ABSTRACT Investigating the ability to entrain to auditory stimuli has been a powerful approach to uncovering the comparative rhythm abilities of different animals. While synchrony to regular simple rhythms is well documented, synchrony to complex stimuli...

... underlying the two rhythms. We found that in response to simulated jetlag with temperature cycles, late chronotypes (populations selected for predominant emergence during dusk) indeed re-entrained faster than early chronotypes (populations selected for predominant emergence during dawn) to 6 h phase delays...

... circadian behavioral and physiological rhythms . Given that these anemones inhabit shallow estuarine environments subject to tidal inputs, it was unclear whether circadian rhythmicity would persist following entrainment in natural conditions, or whether circatidal periodicity would predominate. Nematostella...

... in excretion rates compared with rates obtained from food-deprived fish. Patterns of J urea were free running with a 24 h period under conditions of continuous darkness (0:24 L:D). Exposure to an inverse photoperiod (12:12 D:L) resulted in entrainment of the J urea pattern to the new photoperiod...

... with single vertically or horizontally oriented cylinders 6.4, 13, 19 or 25 mm in diameter. Cylinder orientation had little effect on entrainment. Both species avoided cylinders at low speeds. At intermediate speeds, some fish entrained on the cylinders, but they were displaced at higher speeds. Entrained...

...–respiratory coupling. * e-mail: g.funk@auckland.ac.nz . 9 12 1996 © The Company of Biologists Limited 1997 Branta canadensis Canada goose simulated flight ventilation work of breathing entrainment locomotor–respiratory coupling During galloping, quadrupeds from...

... remains unclear. However, this flexibility presumably enables the system to respond to environmental perturbations without compromising gas exchange. If the coordination were fixed, situations could inevitably arise where the advantages of entrainment (discussed in Berger et al . 1970 b ) might...

... lengthening occurred when maximal gill arch abduction fell during the second half of expiration or during the first half of inspiration. An increase in oscillation amplitude led to entrainment of ventilation at a one-to-one ratio with the imposed movement. After oscillation stopped an aftereffect was seen...

... the breathing cycle period, could entrain the respiratory rhythm in a one-to-one ratio. Larger differences between the stimulation interval and the period of the breathing cycle resulted in either a cyclic modification of the respiratory cycle period or entrainment patterns with coupling ratios of 2:1 or 2:3...

... complete separation of forelimb and hindlimb function. Humans, however, still possess quadrupedal motor programs and arm swing has been shown to entrain ventilation in humans ( Paterson et al . 1986 ). Thus, in walking birds such as geese, forelimb-respiratory interactions are minimized and a more direct...