... thermoneutral conditions (30°C). The chicks were injected with saline or with a high dose of endotoxin known to induce a biphasic thermal response composed of a drop in body temperature ( T b ) followed by fever. Then T b , oxygen consumption (metabolic rate), peripheral vasomotion (cutaneous heat exchange...

... Inflammation Prostaglandins Glucocorticoids Lipopolysaccharides Endotoxin The COVID-19 pandemic has renewed both public and research focus on better understanding the intricacies of disease spread in terms of physiology and individual and collective behavior ( Arunachalam et al., 2020 ; Lopes...

...-diving seals, we examined the inflammatory response of seal whole blood exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a potent endotoxin. Interleukin-6 (IL6) cytokine production elicited by LPS exposure was 50 to 500 times lower in blood of healthy northern elephant seals and Weddell seals compared...

... to disease. Sleep deprivation tends to attenuate inflammatory responses triggered by infection or exposure to endotoxin, such as bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Previous studies have demonstrated that Siberian hamsters ( Phodopus sungorus ), photoperiodic rodents, attenuate LPS-induced fever, sickness...

... ). The first manipulation, an immune supplementation, was achieved by oral administration of lysozyme, a naturally occurring and non-specific antimicrobial enzyme. The second manipulation, an immune challenge, took the form of an injection with lipopolysaccharide, a bacterial endotoxin. Between groups...

... investigates whether treatment with bacterial endotoxin(lipopolysaccharide, LPS) modulates brain CRH contents or in vitro CRH release in tilapia ( Oreochromis mossambicus ). 10 days LPS( Escherichia coli ) exposure of juvenile tilapia (4.5 weeks post hatch) via the ambient water increased brain CRH and α-MSH...