... ( Murphy et al., 2011 ; Peng et al., 2015 ). After marker placement, we placed surface electromyography (EMG) electrodes over the lumbar ES, 2 cm bilateral to the L3 spinous process, and the rectus abdominus (RA), 3 cm lateral and 2 cm superior to the umbilicus (Ultium Muscle, Noraxon USA, Scottsdale...

... of the human gastrocnemii during isometric plantarflexion contractions [via changing knee angle] and determined if there were associated changes in how the muscles of the triceps surae bulged in thickness during a ramped contraction. We combined B-mode ultrasound imaging with surface electromyography...

..., distribution and reproduction in any medium provided that the original work is properly attributed. Summary: Synchronized high-speed video and electromyography of pectoral fins in station-holding trout reveal active and passive control. Fish Electromyography Fluid dynamics High-speed video...

...-selected cadence increases with power output, whereas at low power demands, minimizing knee muscle activation becomes important in cadence selection during cycling. Vastus lateralis muscle Joint power Crank power requirements Muscle mechanics Electromyography Chilean National Agency...

... across the aquatic–terrestrial transition in Polypterus senegalus . Amphibious fishes Kinematics Electromyography Terrestrial locomotion Polypterus Locomotor transitions Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000038 RGPIN...

... steady state to another and in response to transient disturbances. Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659 Muscle activity Load Slope Electromyography Kinematics Stick insect Summary: Stick insects compensate for different types...

... elastic structures. In this study, we examined the functional roles of a major ankle extensor muscle, the lateral gastrocnemius (LG), and a major knee extensor muscle, the vastus lateralis (VL), through in vivo sonomicrometry and electromyography techniques, during vertical jumping by kangaroo rats. Our...

... directly affect the muscular activity and the recovery rates toward higher costs. Centre of mass Electromyography Primate Locomotion Positive reinforcement IBISA Platform of the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Institut...

... at their preferred speed under two conditions: 0% and 10% incline treadmill grade. We used surface electromyography and B-mode ultrasound to estimate muscle activation and fascicle dynamics in the MG and LG. We observed a higher normalized activation in the MG than in the LG during stance, which did not translate...

... remain to this date unclear. To close this gap, we investigated the activity of both the locomotor and the sonic musculature using electromyography. The comparison between the activation patterns of both systems highlighted modifications of the neural motor pathway: (1) a transition from a bilateral...

.../ Summary: Similar to the patterns observed in larger animals, distal rat muscles favor economy and show limited fascicle strains across gaits and grades. Electromyography Work Gastrocnemius Plantaris Sonomicrometry Economy Skeletal muscles undergo time-varying force development...

... to leg kinematics (movements) and leg dynamics (forces, torques). Here, we studied these parameters in hindlegs of stick insects ( Carausius morosus ) during level and uphill/downhill (±45 deg) walking, using a combination of electromyography, 3D motion capture and ground reaction force measurements. We...

... the activation of GM, GL and SOL was estimated using electromyography (EMG). Functional muscle physiological cross-sectional area (PCSA) was estimated using imaging techniques and was considered as an index of muscle force-generating capacity. The distribution of activation and PCSA among the three muscles...

... of the locomotor muscles is modulated with these shifts, we used electromyography (EMG) to quantify patterns of in vivo muscle activity in forelimb and hindlimb muscles before and after autotomy. Forelimb muscles (biceps brachii and triceps brachii) exhibited no changes in motor recruitment, consistent...

..., moderate-intensity activity of all muscles during swimming. Muscle function Electromyography Aquatic Terrestrial High-speed videography Fish Muscle is responsible for an immense array of tasks integral to the function of animals: its action propels food through digestive tracts, enables...

... because of muscles that both move the skin relative to the underlying skeleton and modulate skin stiffness. Snake Muscle Electromyography Movement Skin The different body plans of animals have profound consequences for how and where animals are able to move, and elongate, limbless bodies...

...://www.biologists.com/user-licence-1-1/ Summary: We pinpoint the main skeletal muscles associated with the production of an elaborate gestural courtship display in a tropical bird, the golden-collared manakin. Skeletal muscle Electromyography Courtship behavior Social signal Biomechanics Golden...

... distinct adaptive strategies: an ankle-based strategy when stepping with the forefoot, and a hip-based strategy when stepping with the rearfoot. Electromyography Preferred walking speed Unanticipated bump Irregular surface Humans walk over different types of terrains on a daily basis...

... is facilitated by a four-bar linkage that links jaw and hyoid depression. Elasmobranchs Feeding Sonomicrometry Electromyography Four-bar linkage Catch mechanism Suction feeding performance in fishes is influenced by many factors, including but not limited to, the magnitude of orobranchial...

... show the role of the stretched forelegs in flight of the beetle Mecynorrhina torquata . Using leg motion tracking and electromyography in flight, we found that the forelegs were voluntarily swung clockwise in yaw to induce counter-clockwise rotation of the body for turning left, and vice versa...