... to cause damage to these attachment systems and reduce function. It seems logical that when skin is shed via ecdysis, its effectiveness will increase, through repair of damage or other rejuvenating mechanisms. We address two questions using three diplodactylid geckos as model species. (1) Does repeated...

... to a longer ecdysis cycle and smaller individuals. This phenotype was mirrored in shrimps injected with novel miR-26 agomirs, but the opposite phenotype occurred in shrimps injected with novel miR-26 antagomirs (i.e. the ecdysis cycle was shortened and body length was increased). After injection of 20...

... , Y. , Li , B. , Muthukrishnan , S. , Beeman , R. W. , Kramer , K. J. and Park , Y. ( 2008 ). Functional analysis of four neuropeptides, EH, ETH, CCAP and bursicon, and their receptors in adult ecdysis behavior of the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum . Mech. Dev.   125...

...Amir Ayali SUMMARY A possible role of the insect stomatogastric nervous system (STNS) in ecdysis was first implied in early studies reporting on internal air pressure build-up in the digestive tract and air swallowing during ecdysis. The frontal ganglion, a major component of the insect STNS...

... molting foregut Manduca sexta insect ecdysis CCAP modulation Animals use many different strategies to ensure that series of motor patterns are initiated at the correct time and in the proper order. One common strategy involves the coordinated release of neuromodulators and hormones...

...Y. Zilberstein; J. Ewer; A. Ayali SUMMARY In insects, continuous growth requires the periodic replacement of the exoskeleton during the moult. A moulting insect displays a stereotypical set of behaviours that culminate in the shedding of the old cuticle at ecdysis. Moulting is an intricate process...

... of a neuroendocrine system to stimulate ecdysis, the behaviors used to shed the old cuticle at the culmination of each molt. Here we show that two evolutionarily conserved transcription factor genes, the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) gene dimmed ( dimm )and the basic-leucine zipper (bZIP) gene cryptocephal ( crc...

... Cancer magister cryptocyanin hemocyanin ecdysis exoskeleton Crustacea The evolution of new proteins resulting from gene duplications and subsequent mutations is an important process in the adaptive ability of organisms. A key part of directing these new gene products towards useful...

... synaptic activity molting fluid resorption Manduca sexta insect ecdysis The regulation and organization of a variety of stereotyped behaviors are essential for many aspects of animal development. One such collection is a series of ecdysial-related motor programs that lead to the shedding...

... that the first ecdysis is important for establishing the barrier to TEWL. We found that skin resistance to TEWL increases twofold following the first postnatal ecdysis, corresponding with a roughly twofold increase in thickness and deposition of lamellar lipids in the mesos layer, the site of the skin...

...Timothy G. Kingan; Michael E. Adams ABSTRACT Ecdysis, or molting behavior, in insects requires the sequential action of high levels of ecdysteroids, which induce accumulation of ecdysis-triggering hormone (ETH) in Inka cells, followed by low levels of ecdysteroids, permissive for the onset...

...Markus K. Phlippen; Simon G. Webster; J. Sook Chung; Heinrich Dircksen ABSTRACT On the basis of detailed analyses of morphological characteristics and behavioural events associated with ecdysis in a crab ( Carcinus maenas ) and a crayfish ( Orconectes limosus ), a comprehensive substaging system...

...Randall S. Hewes ABSTRACT The ventromedial cells (VM cells) of the moth Manduca sexta belong to a peptide hormone signaling hierarchy that directs an episodic and stereotyped behavior pattern, ecdysis. The VM cells respond to declining ecdysteroid titers at the end of the final larval molt...

... the pupal case for swallowing molting fluid and again after emergence for swallowing air. These behaviors are important for eclosion and are necessary for the expansion of the wings after eclosion. Their motor patterns are similar to the feeding program. Up to 24 h before adult ecdysis, this motor pattern...

... reminiscent of the epitracheal Inka cells in the moth Manduca sexta . These Inka cells release the peptide ecdysis-triggering hormone, which helps elicit ecdysial behavior at the molt, and we show that they are also recognized by the myomodulin (MM) antibody. In both D. melanogaster and M. sexta , the PM...

.... The short-circuit current increases after ecdysis, with a maximal rate being achieved approximately 4 h after the molt. Resumption of feeding after the molt is not necessary to initiate this increase in active ion transport. The metabolic organization of the tissue also changes during the molting process...

.... The various results demonstrate that AWP is influenced not only by natural environmental factors, such as salinity and temperature, and by anthropogenic factors, such as potentially toxic trace metals, but that it is also regulated by intrinsic factors, such as ecdysis and life cycle stage. The results...

...Andrea Novicki; Janis C. Weeks ABSTRACT Each larval molt of Manduca sexta culminates in the sequential performance of pre-ecdysis (cuticle loosening) and ecdysis (cuticle shedding) behaviors. Both behaviors are thought to be triggered by the release of a peptide, eclosion hormone (EH), from brain...

..., or ecdysis, of the vermiform cuticle is initiated. When this process is complete, the first-instar cuticle is expanded to assume the form of the first-instar hopper. We have demonstrated, using immunocytochemical techniques, that these behaviour patterns are associated with dramatic increases...

...James N. Cameron ABSTRACT A series of experiments was conducted to elucidate the events immediately preceding and following moulting (ecdysis) in the blue crab, Callinectes sapidus Rathbun. The crabs gain weight (mostly water) to a level more than twice the premoult value excluding the shed...