... a threefold preference for a frog model containing a dynamically moving vocal sac over a control model. Male frogs risk being detected by the fringe-lipped bat ( Trachops cirrhosus ), an eavesdropping predator that uses frog calls to detect, localize and assess its prey ( Page and Ryan, 2005 ; Tuttle...

... in turn promote sociality and acoustic information transfer among bats. As acoustic cues clearly increased the bats' detection performance, we suggest that eavesdropping is an important mechanism for reducing the costs of finding suitable roosts. * Author for correspondence (e-mail: iruczyns...

... glucocorticoid elevation is associated with anti-predator behavior. * Author for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected] ) 5 9 2006 © The Company of Biologists Limited 2006 2006 acoustic startle predation eavesdropping natural selection stress communication corticosterone...