... groups, yet the bird groups did not move with dynamic similarity. In agreement with the interspecific scaling of relative duty factor (DF, the proportion of a stride period with ground contact for any given foot) with body mass, bantams walked with greater DF than standards, and females walked...

... incline information from all areas of the track. Measurements were made from six horses over a speed range of 9 to 13 m s –1 . Foot-fall timings were used to calculate variables,which included stance duration, protraction duration, stride frequency and duty factor. The relationship between track incline...

[email protected] ) 7 3 2007 © The Company of Biologists Limited 2007 2007 Equus caballus trot walk biomechanics limb stiffness model duty factor Performance horses commonly suffer from musculoskeletal injuries. These injuries will typically result in lameness, which...

...T. H. Witte; C. V. Hirst; A. M. Wilson SUMMARY Stride duration, stance duration and protraction duration are key variables when describing the gaits of terrestrial animals. Together, they determine the duty factor (the fraction of the stride for which the limb maintains contact with the ground...

... of predicting peak GRFz from duty factor (the proportion of the stride for which the limb is in contact with the ground). Foot-mounted uniaxial accelerometers, combined with UHF FM telemetry, are shown to be practical and accurate for the field measurement of stride timing variables,including duty factor...

..., but significant, decrease with increasing body mass. Duty factor measured at the animal’s trot-gallop transition speed does not change significantly with body size. The moment arm ratio of ground force to muscular force exerted about a joint was found to decrease dramatically for horses as compared to ground...