... seawater without damaging their tentacles, fan worms have developed functional morphological adaptations to reduce fluidic drag, including the flattening of their radiolar pinnules and the deformation of bodily segmental ridges. Our hydrodynamic models indicate that these mechanical processes can decrease...

... review causes and consequences of wear, damage and moult gaps that temporarily affect wing morphology and flight performance. Bird flight Bat flight Wing wear Aerodynamics Kinematics Drag Vetenskapsrådet http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004359 2020-03707 Knut och Alice...

... Foraminifera tests, sunk in viscous mineral oil to match their Reynolds numbers and drag coefficients, we predicted sinking velocity of real tests in seawater. This method can be applied to study other settling particles such as plankton, spores or seeds. * Present address: Center for Computational Science...

.... Adhesion at these locations offers remoras drag reduction of up to 71–84% compared with the freestream. Remoras were observed to move freely along the surface of the whale using skimming and sliding behaviors. Skimming provided drag reduction as high as 50–72% at some locations for some remora sizes...

... fields and distributions of thrust and drag along the body. Lampreys initiated acceleration from rest with the formation of a high-amplitude body bend at approximately one-quarter body length posterior to the head. This deep body bend produced two high-pressure regions from which the majority of thrust...

... diameter times speed divided by the kinematic viscosity of air; see Eqn 9 below) results in a higher drag coefficient for similarly shaped animals differing in size. This again makes air resistance more influential ( Vogel, 2005 ). Smaller jumpers encounter a problem in providing the high mechanical...

... the raptorial appendages of mantis shrimp (Stomatopoda) using a combination of flume experiments, mathematical modeling and phylogenetic comparative analyses. We found that computationally efficient blade-element models offered an accurate first-order approximation of drag, when compared with a more elaborate...

.... A hydrodynamic drag function ( D ) based on single-point time-averaged velocity statistics that incorporates the influence of turbulent fluctuations was used to infer the energetic cost of steady swimming. Novel hydrodynamic preference curves were developed and used to assess the appropriateness of D...

.... During low- J flapping flight, the performance of extended wings may benefit from emarginated primary feathers. Previous research has suggested emargination reduces induced drag and increases span efficiency in gliding flight ( Spedding and McArthur, 2010 ; Tucker, 1993 , 1995 ). However, our broader...

... bottlenose whales with data loggers that recorded depth, 3-axis acceleration and speed either with a fly-wheel or from change of depth corrected by pitch angle. We fitted measured values of the change in speed during 5 s descent and ascent glides to a hydrodynamic model of drag and buoyancy forces using...

... be responsible for the scarcity of sharks in fresh water. Buoyancy Liver Tissue density Locomotion Lift Drag A wide range of physiological, ecological and evolutionary processes determine the capacity of animals to invade and adapt to novel environments. For major transitions, such as those...

...Julie M. van der Hoop; Andreas Fahlman; Thomas Hurst; Julie Rocho-Levine; K. Alex Shorter; Victor Petrov; Michael J. Moore Attaching bio-telemetry or -logging devices (‘tags’) to marine animals for research and monitoring adds drag to streamlined bodies, thus affecting posture, swimming gaits...

... in length. Animals at this scale generally operate within the regime of intermediate Reynolds numbers, where both viscous and inertial fluid forces have the potential to play a role in propulsion. The present study aimed to resolve which forces create thrust and drag in the paddling of the water boatman...

... increasing their transport costs. Based on this, we conclude that elephant seals and other ocean predators occupying similar niches may be particularly sensitive to increased transport costs incurred when avoiding unanticipated disturbances. Seals with added drag also exhibited 10% slower descent and 13...

... with hosts. This study explored the biomechanical costs and benefits of the epiphytic association between the intertidal brown algal epiphyte Soranthera ulvoidea and its red algal host Odonthalia floccosa . Drag on epiphytized and unepiphytized hosts was measured in a recirculating water flume. A typical...

... be a significant selective factor acting on body shape. On exposed shores, narrower arms probably reduce both lift and drag in breaking waves. On protected shores, fatter arms may provide more thermal inertia to resist overheating, or more body volume for gametes. Such plastic changes in body shape represent...

..., indicates that peak coefficients of lift and drag ( C L and C D ) and lift-to-drag ratio ( C L : C D ) increase throughout ontogeny and that these patterns correspond with changes in feather microstructure. To begin to place these results in a comparative context that includes variation in life-history...

... direction. * Author for correspondence ( [email protected] ) 10 1 2012 1 6 2012 © 2012. 2012 drag buoyancy cost-of-transport swimming gait Total cost-of-transport (COT) is the amount of energy expended by an organism moving a unit of mass a given distance, which...

... in response to the need to produce thrust required to overcome combined drag and buoyancy forces. * Author for correspondence ( [email protected] ) 31 5 2011 © 2011. 2011 acceleration body condition body density buoyancy drag elephant seal Many marine divers...

... enabled us to observe the change in overall shape of the urchins and quantify the decrease in spine angle that occurred as flow speeds increased. The effect of this behaviour on drag and lift was measured with physical models made from urchin tests with spines in the `up' position (typical in stagnant...