... structures may lead to a higher directionality of the echolocation system and may enable the bats to adjust their echo-acoustic gaze to dynamic environments. * Author for correspondence ( [email protected] ) Competing interests The authors declare no competing or financial interests. 29 3...

... the bat's acoustic field of view and hence its perception of the echo scene. The intensity (source level) and directionality of the emitted calls directly contribute to the bat's acoustic field of view; however, the source level and directionality of the big brown bat's sonar signals have not been measured...

.... Escape behavior Multisensory integration Directionality Context dependence Cricket Cercal system Animals perceive environmental external stimuli via many sensory pathways and their resulting behavior is based on an integration of this sensory information. Multisensory signals provide...

... parameters not predictable from body size alone, suggesting that habitat is an important evolutionary co-driver of toothed whale biosonar. Beamwidth Clutter Directionality Echolocation Habitat Toothed whale Echolocation is an active sense that involves generation and transmission of high...

... scene when homing in on prey. The intensity and directionality of the biosonar beam defines the field of view of echolocating animals by affecting the acoustic detection range and angular coverage. However, the spatial relationship between an echolocating predator and its prey changes rapidly, resulting...

..., offer insights into general principles of active sensing across sensory modalities for the perception of natural scenes. Author for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected] ) 4 12 2008 2009 echolocation bat active sensing directionality visual scanning scene analysis...

...Marc S. Dantzker; Grant B. Deane; Jack W. Bradbury ABSTRACT We present evidence that the acoustic component of the strut display of male sage grouse Centrocercus urophasianus is highly directional and that the nature of this directionality is unique among measured vertebrates. Where vertebrate...

... and split the 2 dB maximal pressure area into several parts. The sound pressure difference determined between the angles of maximal and minimal sound pressure (the maximal directionality) increased with sound frequency regardless of pinna posture. Acoustic gain of the pinna at the acoustic axis reached 6–12...

...Martin K. Obrist; M. Brock Fenton; Judith L. Eger; Peter A. Schlegel ABSTRACT Using a moveable loudspeaker and an implanted microphone, we studied the sound pressure transformation of the external ears of 47 species of bats from 13 families. We compared pinna gain, directionality of hearing...