... spatial resolution along the distance axis. Bats Echolocation Virtual target Depth perception Range Distance is important: from an ecological perspective, knowledge about one's distance from either prey or predator is vital. The ‘classic’ remote senses vision and passive audition...

..., University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0006, USA (e-mail: john.layne@uc.edu ) † Present address: Mount Sinai Medical School, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA 6 9 2006 © The Company of Biologists Limited 2006 2006 depth perception insect vision flat world...

... that are different from those of the surrounding water. Within this range, the mormyrid Gnathonemus petersii can also perceive the distance of objects. Depth perception is independent of object parameters such as size, shape and material. The mechanism for distance determination through electrolocation involves...

... pattern performed upon departure from the food source. The latter has probably evolved specifically for the acquisition of depth information. ©The Company of Biologists Limited 1996 honeybee behaviour small-scale navigation active vision image motion depth perception colour blindness...