... and hunting prey. This response is variable and modulated by factors such as dive duration, depth, exercise and cognitive control. This study assessed the potential role of exercise and relative lung volume in the regulation of heart rate ( f H ) during dives of adult female California sea lions instrumented...

... was performed to analyze correlations between chromacy and five hypothesized predictors (depth, habitat, diet, body coloration, body size). In a model not accounting for phylogenetic relatedness, each predictor with the exception of habitat significantly correlated with chromacy: a positive relationship in body...

...Kerstin Fröhle; Flavio Roces SUMMARY Leaf-cutting ant queens excavate a founding nest consisting of a vertical tunnel and a final horizontal chamber. Nest foundation is very time consuming, and colony success depends on the excavated depth. Although shallow nests may be energetically cheaper to dig...

... the sum of frictional and pressure drags. For streamlined technical bodies, values of wave drag augmentation near the surface may be five times the deeply submerged values. However, the depth dependence of drag is similar for fish and streamlined technical bodies, with augmentation vanishing at about 3...

...Manfred R. Enstipp; David Grémillet; David R. Jones SUMMARY Avian divers are confronted with a number of physiological challenges when foraging in cold water, especially at depth. Besides the obvious constraint imposed by the necessity to return to the surface for gas exchange, cold water...

...Manfred R. Enstipp; Russel D. Andrews; David R. Jones SUMMARY Heart rate and dive behaviour were monitored in double-crested cormorants ( Phalacrocorax auritus ) during shallow (1 m) and deep diving (12 m), after breathing different gas mixtures, to investigate the role of depth...

... of the individual previously followed ( Fig. 4A ). As high-salinity layers rose in the tower tank, this animal, togather with the rest of the school, moved up into increasingly shallower water, presumably to avoid being exposed to the higher-salinity water mass. Fig. 4. Depth and heart rate of a 5.0 °C, 30...

..., however, was observed with feeding, when oxygen consumption increased by as much as 80 %, resulting in an estimated 90 % reduction in their subsequent scope for activity. 15 8 1994 temperature heart rate depth oxygen consumption exercise ultrasonic transmitter thermocline cod...

... path at maximum wingspan) and depths (the distance between adjacent birds’ body centres parallel to the flight path) were measured at the same time as local wind speeds. The photographs were used to test for savings in induced power from wing positioning relative to the predicted positions of vortices...