.... This so-called path integration system (dead reckoning) allows the animal to return to its home, or to a familiar feeding place, even when external cues are absent or novel. However, without the use of external cues, the path integration process leads to rapid accumulation of errors involving both...

... trajectories of individual ants can be modelled by a weighted combination of dead reckoning, biased detours and beacon-aiming. These mechanisms guide an insect sufficiently close to an inconspicuous goal for image matching to be successfully employed to locate it. Insects then move until their current retinal...

.... A hypothesis of how the path integration system may operate at the neuronal level is proposed. ©The Company of Biologists Limited 1996 navigation dead reckoning place cells head-direction cells cognitive maps ‘…Each place cell receives two different inputs, one conveying information about...

...C. R. Gallistel; Audrey E. Cramer ABSTRACT The capacity to construct a cognitive map is hypothesized to rest on two foundations: (1) dead reckoning (path integration); (2) the perception of the direction and distance of terrain features relative to the animal. A map may be constructed by combining...

... between having a small enough power source so that animal behaviour is minimally altered ( Holliday et al . 1988 ; Wanless et al . 1989 ) but large enough to enable signal transmission. 3 1 1991 © 1991 by Company of Biologists 1991 dead reckoning telemetry vectors African penguins...