... turtles and used the CHEF to determine FMR while actively or passively thermoregulating. Comparing an individual's actual FMR to the rate calculated assuming absence of thermoregulation revealed that painted turtles, a partial thermoregulator, elevate their daily energy expenditure (DEE) by about 25...

... of environmental interactions, behavioral flexibility and morphological constraints on energy balance, we used doubly labeled water to measure the at-sea daily energy expenditure (DEE) of two sympatrically breeding seabirds, Campbell ( Thalassarche impavida ) and grey-headed ( Thalassarche chrysostoma...

... ciconia ) using on-board bio-loggers reveals individual and environmental factors relating to daily mean heart rate. Energy management model Daily energy expenditure Heart rate Ciconia ciconia Ontogeny Energy is a limited resource due to its finite availability in the environment...

..., there was no significant interaction between treatment and sex of the bird (treatment D2: F 2,20.29 =0.54, P =0.59; treatment D11: F 2,33.24 =2.32, P =0.11). Fig. 2. The effects of brood size manipulation on D2 and D11 on feeding frequency (FF), daily energy expenditure (DEE) and BMR. (A,D) FF, (B,E) DEE...

... ecology. Energy is a fundamental currency to quantify these costs, as energetic trade-offs often exist between key fitness-related processes. Daily energy expenditure (DEE) comprises of resting metabolic rate (RMR) and energy available for activity, which are linked via the energy management strategy...

... Foraging Daily energy expenditure Body temperature Energy is an essential resource for reproduction and survival ( Boutin, 1990 ; Martin, 1987 ; Prevedello et al., 2013 ; Ruffino et al., 2014 ). The energy an individual spends daily on all activities is called the daily energy expenditure (DEE...

... mammals become diurnal when energetically challenged by cold or hunger. The circadian thermo-energetics (CTE) hypothesis predicts that diurnal activity patterns reduce daily energy expenditure (DEE) compared with nocturnal activity patterns. Here, we tested the CTE hypothesis by quantifying the energetic...

...., and commented on and approved by the other authors. Competing interests The authors declare no competing financial interests. 6 2 2014 14 8 2014 © 2014. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd 2014 Artificial selection Cross-fostering Daily energy expenditure Heat...

...Deng-Bao Yang; Li Li; Lu-Ping Wang; Qing-Sheng Chi; Catherine Hambly; De-Hua Wang; John R. Speakman SUMMARY We evaluated factors limiting lactating Mongolian gerbils ( Meriones unguiculatus ) at three temperatures (10, 21 and 30°C). Energy intake and daily energy expenditure (DEE) increased...

... that of L. yerbabuenae . Fig. 6. Nectar extraction efficiency standardized by daily energy expenditure (DEE) at different nectar depths (means ± 1 s.e.m.). Fig. 6. Nectar extraction efficiency standardized by daily energy expenditure (DEE) at different nectar depths (means ± 1 s.e.m...

...Magella Guillemette; Patrick J. Butler SUMMARY There is considerable interest in understanding how the energy budget of an endotherm is modulated from a physiological and ecological point of view. In this paper, we used daily (24 h) heart rate ( f H24 ), as a proxy of daily energy expenditure (DEE...

... acclimatization is accomplished by coordinated phenotypic plasticity of metabolic systems. We measured summit metabolism ( V̇ O 2 ,sum ), daily energy expenditure (DEE) and muscle oxidative capacity under both winter (December to January) and breeding (May to June) conditions. We hypothesize that: (1) rates...

... remarks on our original manuscript. This study was supported by a grant received by authors from the United States–Israeli Binational Science Foundation. 6-SMT 6-sulphatoxymelatonin AD acclimation duration DEE daily energy expenditure IFPR image-forming photoreceptor...

... the difference between metabolizable energy intake and daily energy expenditure measured by doubly labelled water, at 30°C was 23.3 kJ day –1 lower than that at 21°C on days 14–16 of lactation. As for reproductive performance, there was a difference in the response to the higher temperature between mothers...

...Tony D. Williams; François Vézina; John R. Speakman SUMMARY It is axiomatic that whole-animal metabolism, measured for example as daily energy expenditure (DEE), plays a central role in determining reproductive success and survival (fitness) in all organisms. Nevertheless, strong evidence...

... resting. Our experiment clearly shows that a daily T a cycle affects the thermoregulatory behaviour and energetics of these small bats. More generally, these results demonstrate the critical influence of behavioural decisions on the daily energy expenditure of small heterothermic mammals. † Author...

... and altitudinal trends in clutch and litter sizes and the migration patterns of birds. BAT brown adipose tissue DEE daily energy expenditure DLW doubly labelled water MEI metabolizable energy intake MEO milk energy output SusEI sustained energy intake UCP1 uncoupling...

... to 0.98 kJ g –1 d –1 , whereas daily energy expenditure slightly increased from 2.09 to 2.25 kJ g –1 d –1 . Costs of running decreased from 2.3 to 1.6 kJ km –1 between baseline and workload conditions. At high workloads, animals were in a negative energy balance, resulting in a sharp reduction in fat mass...

... methods: (1) as the difference between metabolizable energy intake and daily energy expenditure of the female, (2) from female water turnover, (3) from pup water turnover and (4) from the energy budget of the litter. We assessed these four methods by comparing their accuracy, precision and sensitivity...

... for chicks of several age classes, starting three days prior to hatching until fledging at an age of approximately 30 days. Daily energy expenditure in the field, measured using the doubly labelled water technique, did not differ between treatments or between sexes. Oxygen consumption measured in birds...