... for heterothermic individuals during the season of sperm production have yet to be investigated. We remotely quantified the daily energy expenditure of individual parti-coloured bats ( Vespertilio murinus ) kept solitarily and in groups during the period of spermatogenesis, using high-resolution heart rate...

... can rise by more than an order of magnitude above resting, and these costs arise from activating muscle to exert force as well as the work that muscles perform. Over hours or days, locomotion can dominate daily energy expenditure (i.e. field metabolic rate), particularly when provisioning young...

... turtles and used the CHEF to determine FMR while actively or passively thermoregulating. Comparing an individual's actual FMR to the rate calculated assuming absence of thermoregulation revealed that painted turtles, a partial thermoregulator, elevate their daily energy expenditure (DEE) by about 25...

... of environmental interactions, behavioral flexibility and morphological constraints on energy balance, we used doubly labeled water to measure the at-sea daily energy expenditure (DEE) of two sympatrically breeding seabirds, Campbell ( Thalassarche impavida ) and grey-headed ( Thalassarche chrysostoma...

... of free-living juvenile white storks ( Ciconia ciconia ) using on-board bio-loggers reveals individual and environmental factors relating to daily mean heart rate. Energy management model Daily energy expenditure Heart rate Ciconia ciconia Ontogeny Energy is a limited resource due...

... ). The relationship between basal metabolic rate and daily energy expenditure in birds and mammals . Am. Nat.   147 , 1047 - 1071 . 10.1086/285892 Røskaft , E. , Järvi , T. , Bakken , M. , Bech , C. and Reinertsen , R. E. ( 1986 ). The relationship between social-status and resting...

... ecology. Energy is a fundamental currency to quantify these costs, as energetic trade-offs often exist between key fitness-related processes. Daily energy expenditure (DEE) comprises of resting metabolic rate (RMR) and energy available for activity, which are linked via the energy management strategy...

... Foraging Daily energy expenditure Body temperature Energy is an essential resource for reproduction and survival ( Boutin, 1990 ; Martin, 1987 ; Prevedello et al., 2013 ; Ruffino et al., 2014 ). The energy an individual spends daily on all activities is called the daily energy expenditure (DEE...

... mammals become diurnal when energetically challenged by cold or hunger. The circadian thermo-energetics (CTE) hypothesis predicts that diurnal activity patterns reduce daily energy expenditure (DEE) compared with nocturnal activity patterns. Here, we tested the CTE hypothesis by quantifying the energetic...

...., and commented on and approved by the other authors. Competing interests The authors declare no competing financial interests. 6 2 2014 14 8 2014 © 2014. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd 2014 Artificial selection Cross-fostering Daily energy expenditure Heat...

...Deng-Bao Yang; Li Li; Lu-Ping Wang; Qing-Sheng Chi; Catherine Hambly; De-Hua Wang; John R. Speakman SUMMARY We evaluated factors limiting lactating Mongolian gerbils ( Meriones unguiculatus ) at three temperatures (10, 21 and 30°C). Energy intake and daily energy expenditure (DEE) increased...

... efficient access to the broadest range of the local chiropterophilous flower resources. * Author for correspondence ( [email protected] ) 21 11 2011 22 7 2012 © 2012. 2012 Glossophaginae Phyllostomidae foraging behaviour daily energy expenditure...

...Magella Guillemette; Patrick J. Butler SUMMARY There is considerable interest in understanding how the energy budget of an endotherm is modulated from a physiological and ecological point of view. In this paper, we used daily (24 h) heart rate ( f H24 ), as a proxy of daily energy expenditure (DEE...

... acclimatization is accomplished by coordinated phenotypic plasticity of metabolic systems. We measured summit metabolism ( V̇ O 2 ,sum ), daily energy expenditure (DEE) and muscle oxidative capacity under both winter (December to January) and breeding (May to June) conditions. We hypothesize that: (1) rates...

... of LAN (1×293 μW cm –2 ) at three different wavelengths on percentage change of body mass (A) and mean daily energy expenditure (DEE) levels (B) in M. socialis and S. ehrenbergi . Percentage change of body mass was calculated for animals exposed to the different wavelengths with increasing duration...

... the difference between metabolizable energy intake and daily energy expenditure measured by doubly labelled water, at 30°C was 23.3 kJ day –1 lower than that at 21°C on days 14–16 of lactation. As for reproductive performance, there was a difference in the response to the higher temperature between mothers...

...Tony D. Williams; François Vézina; John R. Speakman SUMMARY It is axiomatic that whole-animal metabolism, measured for example as daily energy expenditure (DEE), plays a central role in determining reproductive success and survival (fitness) in all organisms. Nevertheless, strong evidence...

... resting. Our experiment clearly shows that a daily T a cycle affects the thermoregulatory behaviour and energetics of these small bats. More generally, these results demonstrate the critical influence of behavioural decisions on the daily energy expenditure of small heterothermic mammals. © The Company...

... changes in animal behaviour or feeding patterns as a result of DLW injections/bleeding ( Król and Speakman, 2003a ; Speakman and Król, 2005b ). Animals were in energy balance when MEO was evaluated, as indicated by their stable body mass( Fig. 2A ). We measured daily energy expenditure (DEE...

... to 0.98 kJ g –1 d –1 , whereas daily energy expenditure slightly increased from 2.09 to 2.25 kJ g –1 d –1 . Costs of running decreased from 2.3 to 1.6 kJ km –1 between baseline and workload conditions. At high workloads, animals were in a negative energy balance, resulting in a sharp reduction in fat mass...