..., fructose and mannose metabolism, and β-alanine metabolism, suggesting shifts in energy metabolism and cryoprotection. These results suggest that warming affects various aspects of overwintering physiology in P. rapae and may be detrimental depending on the frequency and variation of winter warming events...

...Jessica R. Kennedy; Christopher D. G. Harley; Katie E. Marshall ABSTRACT Freezing is an extreme stress to living cells, and so freeze-tolerant animals often accumulate protective molecules (termed cryoprotectants) to prevent the cellular damage caused by freezing. The bay mussel, Mytilus trossulus...

... and degraded in a temperature-unrelated fashion during diapause termination. In conclusion, our findings indicate that some metabolites, in addition to functioning as cryoprotectants, for example, are candidates for having regulatory roles as metabolic clocks or time-keepers during diapause. References...

... Metabolomics Cryoprotectant Compatible solute Preferential exclusion Protein aggregation Organisms as diverse as bacteria, plants and animals are known to naturally accumulate small protective molecules in response to various environmental stressors (recently reviewed in Yancey and Siebenaller...

.... 2 12 2015 21 1 2016 © 2016. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd 2016 Summary: Osmolytes involved in the cold acclimation of rainbow smelt are balanced to allow the smelt to maintain muscle function in winter. Muscle physiology Power production Cryoprotectant...

..., recording microclimate, and determining frog survival in spring. We measured cryoprotectant (glucose) concentrations and identified the presence of antifreeze glycolipids in tissues from subsamples of naturally freezing frogs. We also recorded the behavior of wood frogs preparing to freeze in artificial...

... of freezing at −4°C. The profound freeze tolerance is presumably due to their high levels of organic osmolytes and bound water, which limits ice formation. Adaptive responses to freezing (−2.5°C for 48 h) and subsequent thawing (4°C) included synthesis of the cryoprotectants urea and glucose, and dehydration...

... for correspondence ( [email protected] ) 5 1 2012 23 4 2012 © 2012. 2012 chill coma recovery cold tolerance cryoprotectant cold acclimation reproductive diapause seasonality Adaptation of ectothermic organisms to seasonally fluctuating environments typically leads...

... of the cryoprotectant glucose into blood and all tissues. As glycogenesis is both an energy-expensive process and counter-productive to maintaining sustained high cryoprotectant levels, we proposed that glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) would be activated when wood frogs froze and would phosphorylate its downstream...

... as cryoprotectant, the present study demonstrates that glucose accumulation is vital to ensure substrate for long-term anaerobic metabolism in frozen worms. On the basis of the estimated metabolite levels, we calculate that the combined effect of metabolic depression and large glucose stores enables a projected 3...

...Xiang-Hong Liu; Hongjun Pan; Peter Mazur SUMMARY In this study, we applied proton NMR to measure the permeation of two cryoprotective agents (CPAs), ethylene glycol (EG) and methanol, into 1st instar Anopheles larvae. Calibration with standard solutions of EG or methanol (0–10 mol l -1 ) confirmed...

... the cooling phase of an ecologically based thermoperiod, (ii) whether the protection afforded was lost during warming or contributed to increased cold-tolerance during subsequent cycles and (iii) whether the major thermally inducible stress protein (Hsp70) or carbohydrate cryoprotectants contributed...