... ventricle maximal rate of pressure development and maximal pressure; however, these parameters were unaffected and decreased less in the hypoxic-incubated juveniles. These data indicate that embryonic hypoxia in crocodilians alters the cardiovascular phenotype, changing the juvenile response to acute...

... pulmonary blood flow. This suggests atria have a non-essential role in ventricular filling. Cardiac filling Crocodilian Reptile Adrenaline Ventricular filling, which establishes cardiac stroke volume ( V S ) and is hence a key determinant of cardiac output ( ), may occur directly from...

...Suzanne L. Munns; Tomasz Owerkowicz; Sarah J. Andrewartha; Peter B. Frappell SUMMARY Crocodilians use a combination of three muscular mechanisms to effect lung ventilation: the intercostal muscles producing thoracic movement, the abdominal muscles producing pelvic rotation and gastralial...

... to comparative physiologists. The unique cardiac anatomy of crocodilians – a four-chambered heart with the dual aortic arch system – allows for only right-to-left (R–L; pulmonary bypass) cardiac shunt and for surgical elimination of this shunt. Surgical removal of the R–L shunt, by occluding the left aorta (LAo...

... feeding in water. J. Exp. Biol. 210 , 2811 -2818. Gans, C. ( 1970 ). Respiration in early tetrapods– the frog is a red herring. Evolution 24 , 723 -734. Gans, C. ( 1976 ). Questions in crocodilian physiology. Zool. Africana 11 , 241 -248. Gans, C. and Clark, B. ( 1976 ). Studies...

... 2006 2006 alligator Alligator mississippiensis CO 2 breathing diaphragmaticus ventilation post-prandial state vital capacity evolution archosaur ventilatory mechanics crocodilian The breathing apparatus of crocodilians is tripartite, consisting of costal ventilation, in which...

... of Biologists Limited 2003 2003 acid-base acidosis bone buffering bone minerals crocodilian Caiman latirostris osteoderm dermal bone diving lactic acid Bone is an important source of acid-base buffering in many organisms. The most familiar mechanism, the release of carbonates, is common...

... element working simultaneously with a linear proportional element. * e-mail: Jordi.Altimiras@biology.aau.dk 26 5 1998 14 7 1998 © The Company of Biologists Limited 1998 crocodilian reptile baroreflex heart rate blood pressure shunt nitroprusside phenylephrine...