.../ Summary: The respiratory system of American alligators is well equipped to effectively eliminate CO 2 during intense physical activity, maintaining stable arterial P CO 2  levels without any signs of limitations in pulmonary CO 2 diffusion. Cardiovascular Reptile Crocodilian Ectotherm...

... ventricle maximal rate of pressure development and maximal pressure; however, these parameters were unaffected and decreased less in the hypoxic-incubated juveniles. These data indicate that embryonic hypoxia in crocodilians alters the cardiovascular phenotype, changing the juvenile response to acute...

... crocodile heart . J. Exp. Biol.   198 , 2509 - 2518 . Axelsson , M. and Franklin , C. E. ( 1997 ). From anatomy to angioscopy: 164 years of crocodilian cardiovascular research, recent advances, and speculations . Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A Mol. Integr. Physiol.   118 , 51 - 62 . 10.1016...

...Suzanne L. Munns; Tomasz Owerkowicz; Sarah J. Andrewartha; Peter B. Frappell SUMMARY Crocodilians use a combination of three muscular mechanisms to effect lung ventilation: the intercostal muscles producing thoracic movement, the abdominal muscles producing pelvic rotation and gastralial...

... to comparative physiologists. The unique cardiac anatomy of crocodilians – a four-chambered heart with the dual aortic arch system – allows for only right-to-left (R–L; pulmonary bypass) cardiac shunt and for surgical elimination of this shunt. Surgical removal of the R–L shunt, by occluding the left aorta (LAo...

[email protected] ; [email protected] 4 2 2008 © The Company of Biologists Limited 2008 2008 pitch roll aquatic locomotion lung alligator Alligator mississippiensis archosaur crocodilian diaphragm diaphragmaticus ischiopubis rectus abdominis intercostalis buoyancy...

... Limited 2006 2006 alligator Alligator mississippiensis CO 2 breathing diaphragmaticus ventilation post-prandial state vital capacity evolution archosaur ventilatory mechanics crocodilian The breathing apparatus of crocodilians is tripartite, consisting of costal ventilation...

... crocodilian Caiman latirostris osteoderm dermal bone diving lactic acid Bone is an important source of acid-base buffering in many organisms. The most familiar mechanism, the release of carbonates, is common to numerous organisms with calcified skeletons or exoskeletons, including vertebrates...

... the vessels mechanically and thus to alter blood pressure ( Berger et al. 1980 ) or the isolation of the baroreceptive areas using an open-loop arrangement ( West and Van Vliet, 1983 ). Both methods require a precise knowledge of the location of the baroreceptive areas, which is lacking for crocodilians...