... compared with those from the low-predation populations. Neither of the kinematic parameters fast-start and critical swimming speed ( U crit ) showed a significant difference between the high- and low-predation populations. The fish from the high-predation populations may improve their predator avoidance...

... the swimming performance and energetics of a labriform swimmer, the shiner surfperch, Cymatogaster aggregata , during station holding. Using intermittent-flow respirometry, we measured critical swimming speed ( U crit ), oxygen consumption rates ( Ṁ O 2 ) and pectoral fin use in steady flow versus unsteady...

... catheterization, which could interfere with swimming. Using rainbow trout, our goals were to: (1) determine the potential effects of catheters and blood sampling on metabolic rate ( Ṁ O 2 ), total cost of transport (TCOT), net cost of transport (NCOT) and critical swimming speed ( U crit ), and (2) monitor...

... to caudal fin loss and regeneration, we investigated the critical swimming speed ( U crit ), swimming metabolic rate ( ), tail beat frequency ( f TB ) and tail beat amplitude ( A TB ) after caudal fin loss and regeneration (20 days) in juveniles of three cyprinid fish species: the qingbo ( Spinibarbus...

... bilineata ) were exercised using (1) a critical swimming speed ( U crit ) protocol, (2) a 15 min exhaustive chase protocol and (3) a 3 min exhaustive chase protocol followed by brief (1 min) air exposure. Protocol 1 was performed in a swimming respirometer whereas protocols 2 and 3 were followed by resting...

... of trunk superficial neuromasts (SNs). Unilaterally disrupting the SNs of the lateral line impaired both swimming performance and energetic efficiency. The critical swimming speed ( U crit ; mean ± s.d., N =12) for unilaterally SN-disrupted fish was 2.11±0.96 fork lengths (FL) s −1 , which...

... critical swimming speed ( U crit *) in the threespine stickleback Fig. 2. Relationship between U crit * and residual (A) ventricle mass, (B) adductor mass, (C) citrate synthase (CS) per gram adductor and (D) CS per gram abductor in F2 fish. Thick black lines represent the fitted values...

...David J. McKenzie; John F. Steffensen; Edwin W. Taylor; Augusto S. Abe SUMMARY The contribution of air breathing to aerobic metabolic scope and exercise performance was investigated in a teleost with bimodal respiration, the banded knifefish, submitted to a critical swimming speed ( U crit...

... at 70% of critical swimming speed, U crit ) and then P crit and U crit were determined in normoxia (10 mg O 2 l –1 ) and hypoxia (1 mg O 2 l –1 ) and compared with values from control fish. Acclimation to both hypoxia and sustained exercise improved hypoxia tolerance ( P crit was reduced by 49% and 39...

...H. M. Tritico; A. J. Cotel SUMMARY The effect of turbulent eddy diameter, vorticity and orientation on the 2 min critical swimming speed and stability of creek chub ( Semotilus atromaculatus ) is reported. Turbulent eddies were visualized and their properties were quantified using particle image...

... measured metabolic variables [routine oxygen consumption ( ), maximum , metabolic scope] and cardiac function (cardiac output, ; heart rate, f H ; and stroke volume, V S ) in these fish during critical swimming speed ( U crit ) tests performed at both levels of water oxygenation. Although surgery (flow...

...Glenn J. Lurman; Christian H. Bock; Hans-O. Pörtner SUMMARY Traditionally, critical swimming speed has been defined as the speed when a fish can no longer propel itself forward, and is exhausted. To gain a better understanding of the metabolic processes at work during a U crit swim test...

... increase in their maximum Ṁ O 2 , which resulted in them having an 18% lower metabolic scope and a 9% reduction in critical swimming speed. This decreased metabolic capacity/performance was surprising given that the transgenics had a 29% larger heart with an 18% greater mass-specific maximum in situ...

... of rainbow trout to repeat a critical swimming speed ( U crit ), as assessed by two consecutive critical swimming speed tests separated by a 40 min rest interval. An additional expectation was that certain plasma ionic, metabolic and humoral parameters would be correlated with how well fish reperformed...

... Oncorhynchus kisutch respirometry energetics temperature oxygen consumption critical swimming speed fish stock spawning run Temperature has been coined the `ecological master factor' for fish( Brett, 1971 ), and important physiological functions such as growth, swimming performance and active...

... with natural variation, we compared the steady swimming performance (critical swimming speed) of four species of labrid fish ( Cirrhilabrus rubripinnis , Pseudocheilinus octotaenia , Gomphosus varius and Halichoeres bivittatus ) selected to form two pairs of closely related species that vary in fin shape...

... concentration gradient in those exposed to an elevated concentration of ammonia in water, which may indicate an active excretory process. The overall increase in plasma ammonia levels in exposed trout was associated with a significant reduction in critical swimming speed ( U crit ) to 1.61±0.17 BL s −1 from...

... pellets and of fish with no pellet implantation (control group). After 3 weeks ( N =12–13), critical swimming speeds (maximum aerobic swimming speed or U crit ) were measured. Muscle bundles ( N =15–16) were dissected from the hypaxial musculature and stimulated to measure the force and velocity...

...-type, long-finned and no-tail. Wild-type and long-finned differ in total length ( TL ), fork length ( FL ), caudal fin length ( CFL ) and caudal fin height ( CFH ). No-tail has no caudal fin and is significantly smaller in standard length ( SL ) than the other types. Critical swimming speeds ( U crit...

...S. P. Reidy; S. R. Kerr; J. A. Nelson ABSTRACT Individual Atlantic cod ( Gadus morhua ) were exercised using three different measures of swimming performance. (1) An endurance test (critical swimming speed, U crit , protocol) designed to assess predominantly aerobic endurance swimming (duration...