... as a cost of or constraint on reproduction in the brown booby ( Sula leucogaster ), a long-lived seabird with prolonged biparental care. We found that during courtship, levels of lipid peroxidation (LP) of males and females were positively associated with gular skin color, a trait presumably used in mate...

... is driven by variation in the contribution of body ram. Suction distances are constrained even at broad evolutionary scales. Ram–suction Continuum Prey capture Jaw ram Constraint Acanthomorpha The ability to produce suction is an important adaptation for capturing prey in aquatic...

... in Microsoft Excel. * e-mail: [email protected] 30 1 2002 © The Company of Biologists Limited 2002 2002 trade-off constraint locomotion performance muscle power output fatigue resistance frog Xenopus laevis An important research objective within the rapidly...

...Spafford C. Ackerly ABSTRACT The rapid shell-closing mechanism in articulate (hinged) brachiopods is subject to important hydrodynamic constraints related to expulsion of water from the shell. Fluid forces influence, for example, the speeds of shell closure and the mass flux rates of water from...