... conductance ( G sys ) is assumed to increase with body temperature ( T b ) to accommodate higher aerobic demand. However, the general increase of G sys presses for a higher right-to-left (R–L) shunt, which reduces arterial oxygen concentration. In contrast, T b reduction leads to a G sys decrease and a left...

.... Cooling during entry into hibernation bouts followed a Newtonian cooling curve, and conductances calculated from cooling curves were identical to those observed in cold exposed euthermic echidnas. Comparison with a reference soil temperature demonstrated that echidnas showed behavioural thermoregulation...

... with a different defect in an identified ion conductance, to show that these two stimuli open different ion channels, and the behaviors that occur upon application of stimulus (on-response) and removal of stimulus(off-response) have different roles in attraction to these two stimuli. The most important parameters...

... loss, and calculated wet thermal conductance, for bats exposed to air temperatures ranging from 0 to 40°C for periods of 2-5 h. Pregnant females maintained normothermic body temperatures (35.7±0.7°C; mean ± s.e.m. )independent of air temperature. In contrast, males became torpid during the majority (68...

..., evaporative cooling and thermal conductance of 1- to 3- week-old downy scolopacid chicks (least sandpiper Calidris minutilla; short-billed dowitcher Limnodromus griseus ; whimbrel Numenius phaeopus ). Body mass ranged from 9 to 109 g. To accurately measure the interacting effects of air temperature and wind...

... at a conductance ( G te ) of 40±2 mS cm –2 . The net influxes of Na + and Cl – were 8.3±2.6 and 18.2±2.7 μmol cm –2 h –1 , respectively. External amiloride (100 μmol l –1 ) reduced G te to approximately 50 % of the original value at unchanged I sc ; Cl – fluxes remained unaffected, whereas Na + fluxes were...

... and oxygen conductance increased in response to hypoxia. We investigated this possibility in two salamander species, Ambystoma annulatum and Ambystoma talpoideum . The effective surface area of egg capsules increased in response to hypoxia, which increased the conductance for oxygen and enhanced oxygen...

...Ty C. M. Hoffman; Glenn E. Walsberg ABSTRACT We tested the hypothesis that birds can rapidly change the conductance of water vapor at the skin surface in response to a changing need for evaporative heat loss. Mourning doves ( Zenaida macroura ) were placed in a two-compartment chamber separating...

... was also minimal over this range ( T b =12.5°C, T a =10–15°C). Both total and dry thermal conductance increased in a curvilinear manner with temperature, total conductance from 3.38±0.65 J g −1 h −1 °C −1 at 1°C to 24.25±1.99 J g −1 h −1 °C −1 at 35°C (mean ± S.E.M.), while the rate of evaporative water...

... and -55±6 mV with a mean amplitude of 3±1 mV. The overall conductance of an HN(5) interneuron during the active state is approximately 10 nS lower than that during the inactive state, indicating that an outward current is turned off during the active state or turned on during the inactive state...

...H. Hashemzadeh-Gargari; J. Freschi ABSTRACT The effects of L-glutamate and its analogues were studied in voltage-clamped motoneurons of the lobster cardiac ganglion. These excitatory amino acids caused a dose-dependent increase in membrane conductance and an inward current at the resting membrane...