... learning and memory after a differential conditioning paradigm that combines appetitive and aversive training trials. First, we used an aversive conditioning paradigm that constitutes a clear opposite of the well-known appetitive olfactory conditioning of the proboscis extension response. A neutral odour...

... of two natural Wolbachia infected/uninfected Trichogramma brassicae wasp populations to theoretically high- and low-reward values during a conditioning process and the consequences of their responses in terms of memory duration. According to our results, uninfected wasps showed an attraction response...

... repeatability. Therefore, we assessed the repeatability of aversive learning by conditioning approximately 100 zebrafish ( Danio rerio ) to avoid a colour cue associated with a mild electric shock. Across eight different colour conditions, zebrafish did not show consistent individual differences in aversive...

...), were transported to the Maizuru Fisheries Research Station, Kyoto University, and kept in 500-liter transparent polyethylene tanks under natural light conditions. Water in each tank was exchanged at a rate of 4 l min −1 , and an aeration was set in the tank. Seawater used for the rearing tanks...

... by facilitating learning, memory and decision making. Here, we evaluated learning and memory in foragers of the bumble bee Bombus impatiens trained to simple (unimodal) versus complex (bimodal) signals under restrained conditions. Use of a proboscis extension response protocol enabled us to control the timing...

.... Here, we evaluated generalization among pollen scents from six different plant species. Experiments were based on the PER conditioning protocol over two phases: (1) conditioning, in which honey bees associated the scent of each pollen type with sucrose, and (2) test, in which honey bees were presented...

... exposure. Therefore, the data provide reliable evidence for the conditioning nature of the hearing-dampening effect and also demonstrate that hearing sensitivity change also depends on when the animal can expect the loud sound to occur. References Au , W. W. L. and Hastings , M. C. ( 2008...

... inclination. Magnetic inclination has also been hypothesized in pigeons and other long-distance navigators, such as sea turtles, to play a role providing positional information as part of a map. Here we developed a behavioral paradigm which allows us to condition homing pigeons to discriminate magnetic...

... illuminated the quadrant with the liver stain ( Fig. 2L ). As indication of feeding, we measured how long it took for the worms to reach the criterion of three consecutive minutes spent in the illuminated quadrant near the liver. The testing trials lasted 60 min. To rule out general physical condition...

... declared. 26 3 2013 23 4 2013 © 2013. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd 2013 magnetoreception magnetic compass conditioning domestic chicken ontogeny cryptochrome Chickens have often been used as a model for spatial cognition research and its development...

...Stevanus Rio Tedjakumala; Martin Giurfa Summary Honeybees constitute established model organisms for the study of appetitive learning and memory. In recent years, the establishment of the technique of olfactory conditioning of the sting extension response (SER) has yielded new insights...

...Paul E. Nachtigall; Alexander Ya. Supin SUMMARY We investigated the possibility of conditioned dampening of whale hearing thresholds when a loud sound is preceded by a warning sound. The loud sound was a tone of 20 kHz, 170 dB re. 1 μPa, 5 s. Hearing sensitivity was measured using pip-train test...

... ). There are many forms of associative learning. In most of them, an animal learns to associate a neutral stimulus (the conditional stimulus) with a positive or negative stimulus (the unconditional stimulus). After trials in which the two stimuli are paired, the subject responds to the conditional stimulus alone...

... of learned stimuli also comes from the study discussed above which shows that bees can interpolate learned representations of a face ( Dyer and Vuong, 2008 ) but fail the task if visual conditioning is only to a single viewpoint ( Dyer and Vuong, 2008 ). This work clearly shows that visual categorisation...

... in this case. Here, we established a novel visual conditioning protocol, which allows studying visual learning and memory in intact harnessed bees in the laboratory. This protocol consists of conditioning the sting extension reflex (SER) by pairing a visual stimulus (CS+) with an electric shock punishment (US...

...Roxana Josens; Claire Eschbach; Martin Giurfa SUMMARY Individual Camponotus fellah ants perceive and learn odours in a Y-maze in which one odour is paired with sugar (CS+) while a different odour(CS–) is paired with quinine (differential conditioning). We studied olfactory retention in C. fellah...

... these odours, this ability implies that neural representations for odours overlap in a cross-fiber coding scheme. Here we use the generalization of a conditioned feeding response in the sphinx moth, Manduca sexta , to quantify three geometry-based dimensions of odour space in which monomolecular odours may...

...Andreas Elepfandt; Ilse Eistetter; Andrea Fleig; Elke Günther; Michaela Hainich; Susanne Hepperle; Burkhardt Traub ABSTRACT Hearing threshold and frequency discrimination for underwater sound were measured in the clawed frog Xenopus laevis by means of conditioning. A go/no go discrimination...

...Jay S. Hosler; Brian H. Smith ABSTRACT Recent studies of olfactory blocking have revealed that binary odorant mixtures are not always processed as though they give rise to mixture-unique configural properties. When animals are conditioned to one odorant (A) and then conditioned to a mixture...

...Kevin C. Daly; Brian H. Smith ABSTRACT The proboscis extension response conditioning protocol has been used to explore olfactory-based associative learning in an array of insects. We have monitored a different feeding reflex, which involves activation of the cibarial pump, to demonstrate olfactory...