... concentration (pressure). Solute/volume plots of the ECF (hemolymph) reveal that insects tolerate large changes in all three of these ECF variables. Challenges beyond those tolerances may be ‘corrected’ or ‘compensated’. While a correction simply reverses the challenge, compensation accommodates the challenge...

... declared. 16 11 2012 21 6 2013 © 2013. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd 2013 bite force compensation Hemidactylus frenatus performance sprint speed trade-off Sexual selection is considered the dominant mechanism by which exaggerated sexual traits exhibited...

.... 14 12 2012 28 4 2013 © 2013. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd 2013 behaviour compensation critical swimming speed metabolic rate morphology tail beat frequency Swimming performance is important for fish because it is closely related to the ability to gain...

..., food intake may be limited in late pregnancy by competition for space in the abdomen between the alimentary tract and fetuses. Hence, females may need to compensate their energy budgets during pregnancy by reducing activity and lowering body temperature. We explored the relationships between energy...

..., suggesting that common eiders were using some form of compensation when under a high work load. We were also unable to detect a negative relationship between water temperature and resting heart rate, a proxy of resting metabolic rate. This was unexpected, based on the assumption that high thermoregulation...

... and behavioral strategies such as compensatory head movements. During self-movement, head rotations compensate for changes in body attitude in order to stabilize gaze. However, how walking animals cope with uneven structured substrates, which may affect body and gaze orientation, is still unknown. We used stereo...

... an experiment using data sets with known properties. A first data set is generated with no relation between the air vector and wind vector at all (SRD, simulated random data), therefore no wind compensation. A second data set is generated with a very strong relation between the air and wind vectors (SWI...

...Arjan Boonman; Gareth Jones SUMMARY When approaching a prey target, bats have been found to decrease the intensity of their emitted echolocation pulses, called intensity compensation. In this paper we examine whether intensity compensation in the echolocation of bats is flexible or stereotyped. We...