... acclimation did not alter CS activities in the myocardium (ventricle) or in the mitochondria themselves, and mitochondrial SOD activities in the mitochondria were not different ( Table 3 ). Table 3. Myocardial and cardiac mitochondrial citrate synthase (CS) activity, and cardiac mitochondrial...

...) composition between groups. Hypoxia acclimation did not alter mitochondrial coupled or uncoupled respiration, or respiratory control ratio, ROS release rates, P 50 or superoxide dismutase activity. However, it increased citrate synthase activity (by ∼20%), increased the sensitivity of mitochondrial...

... acute hypoxia and matches whole-animal metabolic rate depression. Cytochrome c oxidase Citrate synthase Proton gradient Mitochondrial membrane potential Naked mole rats (NMRs; Heterocephalus glaber Rüppell 1842) are among the most hypoxia-tolerant mammals identified...

... on cardiac lipid composition. In both populations of perch, the activity of glycolytic (pyruvate kinase and lactate dehydrogenase) and tricarboxylic acid cycle (pyruvate dehydrogenase and citrate synthase) enzymes increased with acute warming. However, at temperatures exceeding 30°C, a drastic thermally...

... levels of fatty acid translocase (FAT/CD36), cytosolic fatty acid-binding protein, and citrate synthase (CS) activity. However, mRNA expression of FAT/CD36 and both mRNA and protein expression of plasma membrane fatty acid-binding protein did not change for either training group. CS activities...

... increased for cold-exposed, but not for warm-exposed, birds. LD birds gained more M b than SD birds, irrespective of temperature. Flight muscle size and mass did not differ significantly among groups, but heart mass was larger in cold-exposed birds. Citrate synthase, carnitine palmitoyl transferase and β...

... mechanisms involved in energy production, including mitochondrial respiration at different steps of the electron transport system (ETS) and related the results to citrate synthase activity in the liver of non-reproductive and reproductive (two and eight pups) female house mice at peak lactation. Whereas we...

... and mitochondrial ultrastructure of Clione antarctica from the Southern Ocean (−1.8°C) and populations of a sister species, Clione limacina , from the Arctic (−0.5 to 3°C) and from the North Atlantic (10°C). We also measured oxygen consumption and the activity of the mitochondrial enzyme citrate synthase (CS...

...-fold in killifish, following cold acclimation, but was unchanged in cardiac muscle and also unaffected by exercise acclimation in either tissue. No changes in citrate synthase activity were detected in either tissue following temperature acclimation. Enzymatic antioxidants (catalase and superoxide...

... animals were burdened with substantially higher metabolic loads(defined as C or digestible food intake per total mass of a particular organ). The mass-specific activity of citrate synthase (CS) in the liver and kidneys(but not heart) was also lower in the low-BMR mice. The magnitude of phenotypic...

.... The proximal lateral rectus muscle is darker red in color and has a higher citrate synthase activity, indicating a higher capacity for aerobic heat production, than all other extraocular muscles. Furthermore,this muscle has a layer of fat insulating it from the gill cavity and is perfused by a network...

...) versus warm- (11°C) exposed fish. Adenosine levels increased during cold exposure in vivo and reached a transient maximum after 24 h in serum, but remained permanently elevated in liver. Whole animal cold acclimation induced a rise of liver citrate synthase activity by 44±15%, but left cytochrome c...

... activities of oxidative and glycolytic enzymes. Mass-specific activity of the oxidative enzyme citrate synthase (CS) scaled negatively with body size in each species, with scaling coefficients ranging from –0.15 to –0.19, whereas the glycolytic enzyme pyruvate kinase (PK) showed positive scaling...

... show that scaling of mass-specific metabolism and citrate synthase activity in epipelagic squids (Loliginidae, Ommastrephidae and Gonatidae) approaches mass-independence ( b <-0.10) while metabolism in other cephalopod groups scales near a quarter-power ( Fig. 2C ). Other cephalopods are also...

... populations of the North Sea and the Barents Sea,respectively. In white muscle, cold acclimation caused a parallel increase in citrate synthase (CS) and in cytochrome c oxidase (COX) activities,but with a much larger effect in the cold eurythermal Arctic population. In liver, cold acclimation was accompanied...

... transactivational activity. * Author for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected] ) 18 1 2005 © The Company of Biologists Limited 2005 2005 allometry scaling metabolic rate mitochondria glycolysis citrate synthase cytochrome c oxidase nuclear respiratory factor...

... fiber fiber size fiber growth anaerobic aerobic scaling citrate synthase lactate diffusion recovery exercise metabolism TEM mitochondria Muscle fibers typically fall within a size range of 10–100 μm along the shortest axis (e.g. Russell et al., 2000 ). Dimensions exceeding...

... preparation temperature citrate synthase Tunas are apex predators renowned for their thunniform swimming mode, high metabolic rates and ability to conserve metabolic heat( Carey and Teal, 1969 ; Dewar and Graham, 1994a , b ; Block and Stevens, 2001 ). The capacity to conserve metabolic heat...

... other actively swimming shark species. The metabolic enzymes measured were citrate synthase(CS), an index of aerobic capacity, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), an index of anaerobic capacity. WM creatine phosphokinase (CPK) activity, an index of rapid ATP production during burst swimming, was also...

...) for analysis of metabolic enzyme activity (lactate dehydrogenase, citrate synthase and cytochrome c oxidase). There were significant differences in mean daily body temperatures between winter (15.66±0.43°C; mean ± S.E.M.) and summer(29.34±0.21°C), and daily body temperatures fluctuated significantly more...