... is known about the plasticity of the circadian clock with respect to individual activity and changing light–dark cycles ( Saunders, 2002 ). In addition to the clock genes, we identified a total of 133 genes that show changes with time and activity state in the antennae of drones and foragers. Twelve...

... species, Drosophila montana , to trace the effects of photoperiodic selection on traits regulated by the photoperiodic timer and/or by a circadian clock system. Selection changed several traits associated with reproductive diapause, including the critical day length for diapause (CDL), the frequency...

...Tomoko Ikeno; Hideharu Numata; Shin G. Goto; Sakiko Shiga The concept of insect photoperiodism based on a circadian clock has been supported by many studies demonstrating that the behavioural circadian rhythm and the photoperiodic response are driven by the same circadian clock genes. However...

... circadian clock gene network in P. hirtus , raising the possibility of a role of light sensation in the regulation of oscillating processes. We speculate that P. hirtus is representative of a large number of animal species with highly reduced but persisting visual capacities in the twilight zone...

... of crayfish retina, eyestalk and brain and whether their expression cycles in a manner consistent with elements of the circadian clock. Here we identified PER, TIM and CLK immunoreactivity in the cytoplasm and nucleus of cells located in the retina as well as in clusters of cells and neuropils of the optic...

...Chuan-Jiang Yu; Yan Gao; Ping Li; Lei Li SUMMARY Endogenous circadian clocks regulate day–night rhythms of animal behavior and physiology. In zebrafish, the circadian clocks are located in the pineal gland and the retina. In the retina, each photoreceptor is considered a circadian oscillator...

...Piotr Bebas; Bronislaw Cymborowski; Jadwiga M. Giebultowicz SUMMARY Recent studies have demonstrated that the peripheral tissues of vertebrates and invertebrates contain circadian clocks; however, little is known about their functions and the rhythmic outputs that they generate. To understand clock...