... starting 4.5-million years ago and to have dried out almost completely 1.6-million years ago ( Delvaux, 1995 ). More than a hundred species of cichlid fish have thus arisen within the past 1- to 2-million years in Lake Malawi ( Brawand et al., 2014 ; Seehausen, 2015 ). Therefore, Lake Malawi's G. mento...

... in the African cichlid fish Astatotilapia burtoni , including an attention hierarchy, male deception, transitive inference, the mechanistic bases of social dominance, female mate choice and the neural control of female reproductive behavior. The social calculus of this species is presented as an example...

... in spectral processing is present at a wide range of neural levels, spanning from photoreceptors to behavior. We hypothesize that earlier studies did not reveal such effects because of the rearing and testing conditions used. color vision spectral processing developmental plasticity vertebrate cichlid...