... chromatophores in colour change. Our Review concludes that the physiological costs result from either one or a combination of the processes of (i) production, (ii) translocation and (iii) maintenance of pigments within the colour-containing cells (chromatophores). In addition, both types of colour change...

...Tomás Horacio Delgadin; Diana Carolina Castañeda-Cortés; Clara Sacks; Andrés Breccia; Juan Ignacio Fernandino; Paula Gabriela Vissio ABSTRACT Morphological background adaptation is both an endocrine and a nervous response, involving changes in the amount of chromatophores and pigment concentration...

... Chromatophores Crypsis is a common behavioural–morphological adaptation aimed at minimizing detection by predators or prey ( Caro, 2005a , b ; Ruxton et al., 2004 ). Visually active organisms are skilled at detecting movement, which often indicates the existence of a potential danger or of an object...

... mainly undertake various non-image-forming tasks. They form specialised photosensory systems that measure the quality and quantity of light and enable appropriate behavioural and physiological responses. Chromatophores are dermal non-visual photoreceptors directly exposed to light and they not only...

... or chromatophores extending centrally from dorsal and ventral reservoirs are filled with pigment during the light-adapted state but empty in the dark-adapted state. For each species, both eyes of two specimens were fixed in 0.1 mol l -1 phosphate buffer containing 3.5% paraformaldehyde, 0.25%glutaraldehyde and 2...

...J. B. Messenger; C. J. Cornwell; C. M. Reed ABSTRACT Colour changes in cephalopods are controlled by complex organs termed chromatophores whose radial muscles are directly innervated from the brain. In the squids Alloteuthis subulata and Loligo vulgaris , light microscopy of silver- or Methylene...

...Poh Kheng Loi; Robin G. Saunders; Doug C. Young; Nathan J. Tublitz ABSTRACT Color patterning in cephalopod molluscs involves activation of a peripheral chromatophore system that is under neuromuscular control. The complex behavior of individual chromatophores is mediated by a specific set...

...Graham P. Ferguson; John B. Messenger; Bernd U. Budelmann ABSTRACT Rotation (roll or pitch) of a cuttlefish away from its normal orientation produces countershading reflexes (CSRs) that consist of chromatophore expansion on the ventral body surface. When rotation is in the roll plane, the CSR has...

...Graham P. Ferguson; Frank M. Martini; Harold M. Pinsker ABSTRACT Chromatophore motoneurones in Lolliguncula brevis are known to originate in the suboesophageal lobes of the brain and to project directly to the mantle and fin through bilateral stellate ganglia and fin nerves. The chromatophore motor...

...Francoise Dubas; Roger T. Hanlon; Graham P. Ferguson; Harold M. Pinsker ABSTRACT The relatively simple chromatophore system of the squid, Lolliguncula brevis , was studied with combined behavioural, morphological and electrophysiological methods in order to understand how the chromatophore patterns...

...F. Dubas; P. R. Boyle ABSTRACT Innervation of chromatophore muscles of the octopus Eledone cirrhosa was investigated by stimulating nerve bundles in the skin with a suction electrode and monitoring chromatophore movements with a photo-cell or a video camera. Attention was focused...