... that opaline acts as a chemical defense because it causes sensory inactivation. Our experimental treatment of the antennules with opaline, by applying 0.5 ml over the cuticle surface using a brush, was meant to simulate the covering, matching what we observed in behavioral interactions between spiny lobsters...

... be reconstituted in a heterologous expression system to ultimately facilitate investigation of the molecular mechanism of such an aversive behavioral response. Zebrafish ( Danio rerio ) rejected artificial diets laced with sponge chemical defense compounds that were previously shown to deter a generalist marine...

...Paul M. Johnson; Cynthia E. Kicklighter; Manfred Schmidt; Michiya Kamio; Hsiuchin Yang; Dimitry Elkin; William C. Michel; Phang C. Tai; Charles D. Derby SUMMARY Sea hares protect themselves from predatory attacks with several modes of chemical defenses. One of these is inking, which is an active...

...@gsu.edu ) * These authors contributed equally to this work 13 7 2005 © The Company of Biologists Limited 2005 2005 toxin chemical defense flavin gastropod inking Opisthobranchia Several proteins isolated from different tissues and secretions of marine opisthobranch...