... medium provided that the original work is properly attributed. Chemoreceptors Carotid body Pulmonary chemoreceptors Aortic chemoreceptors Cardiac shunt Ventilation Rattlesnake Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000038...

...: growth rates are similar for alligators with and without right-to-left cardiac shunt . J. Exp. Biol.   213 , 2673 - 2680 . 10.1242/jeb.042051 Farmer , C. G. ( 2011 ). On the evolution of arterial vascular patterns of tetrapods . J. Morphol.   272 , 1325 - 1341 . 10.1002/jmor.10986...

... turtles can alter cardiac shunting patterns, which will affect arterial P O 2 values. Consequently, little is known about arterial O 2 regulation and use in undisturbed turtles. We conducted the first study to continuously measure arterial P O 2 using implanted microelectrodes and a backpack logger...

.... A possible functional significance for this intra-cardiac shunt has been debated for almost a century. Unilateral left vagotomy rendered the single effective pulmonary artery of the South American rattlesnake, Crotalus durissus , unable to adjust the magnitude of blood flow to the lung. The higher constant...

...John Eme; June Gwalthney; Tomasz Owerkowicz; Jason M. Blank; James W. Hicks SUMMARY The functional and possible adaptive significance of non-avian reptiles' dual aortic arch system and the ability of all non-avian reptiles to perform central vascular cardiac shunts have been of great interest...

... ventilatory cycles are associated with characteristic increases in pulmonary blood flow and tachycardia. In animals with central vascular shunts, the rise in pulmonary blood flow during ventilation is associated with the development of left-to-right (L–R)cardiac shunt (pulmonary recirculation of oxygenated...

... period; hence,our experiment was designed to allow evaluation of the effects of net cardiac shunt patterns on heat transfer. It has been suggested that an increased R–L shunt during warming contributes to an increased rate of heating( Tucker, 1966 ), but a comprehensive description of Q̇ pul and Q̇...

... 2003 2003 amphibian Bufo cardiovascular respiratory anaemia hypoxia cardiac shunt Several studies have shown that anurans (frogs and toads) increase ventilation, heart rate ( f H) and pulmocutaneous blood flow( Q̇ pc ) in response to low oxygen levels ( Boutilier and Toews,1977...

... 89014, USA 20 9 1998 17 11 1998 Copyright © 1998 The Company of Biologists Ltd. 1998 turtle Trachemys scripta reptile blood flow blood pressure systemic circulation pulmonary circulation lung function cardiovascular system cardiac shunt hypoxia hypoxic pulmonary...

... respiratory compliance cardiac shunt right-to-left shunt Chlamydosaurus kingii Varanus gouldii In most reptiles, the respiratory system consists of two large saccular lungs with numerous variations in the degree of compartmentalisation ( Tenney and Tenney, 1970 ; Perry, 1992 ). The large...

... place, this, in turn, implies that arterial O 2 content is affected only marginally, with a correspondingly small effect on . These predictions are discussed in the light of the limited existing experimental data on cardiac shunts in lower vertebrates; we propose that, in future experiments...