... relationships. e-mail: [email protected] 22 8 2002 © The Company of Biologists Limited 2002 2002 acid—base balance alphastat imidazole alphastat temperature pH carbon dioxide tension vertebrate fish amphibian reptiles cell pH The `imidazole alphastat hypothesis...

... is probably approximately 6.2. *e-mail: [email protected] 17 12 2001 © The Company of Biologists Limited 2002 2002 acid–base balance arterial pH plasma pH interstitial pH vertebrate fish amphibian reptile carbon dioxide tension plasma [Na + ] alphastat...

... lactate intracellular pH Salmo gairdneri carbon dioxide tension bicarbonate concentration hepatocytes hypercapnia. A variety of conditions cause acid-base disturbances in fish (e.g. exercise, hypercapnia, hypoxia, etc.). These disturbances are often complex, causing simultaneous changes...