...://www.biologists.com/user-licence-1-1/ Summary: Orexin peptides do not play a role in the temperature-dependent modulation of respiratory regulation in different sleep states in mice; however, the occurrence of sleep apneas critically depends on ambient temperature. Apnea Breathing Mouse Orexins...

... rib rotation in wild turkeys ( Meleagris gallopavo ) during breathing. We demonstrate that, as predicted from anatomy, the ribs do rotate in a hinge-like manner about a single axis. There is also evidence for elliptical motion of the sternum, as has been reported in other taxa. The evolution...

...Robert J. Brocklehurst; Sabine Moritz; Jonathan Codd; William I. Sellers; Elizabeth L. Brainerd ABSTRACT The current hypothesis regarding the mechanics of breathing in crocodylians is that the double-headed ribs, with both a capitulum and tuberculum, rotate about a constrained axis passing through...

...Elizabeth L. Brainerd; Sabine Moritz; Dale A. Ritter ABSTRACT The three-dimensional rotations of ribs during breathing are typically described as bucket-handle rotation about a dorsoventrally oriented axis, pump-handle rotation about a mediolateral axis, and caliper rotation about a rostrocaudal...

... spiracles open immediately after flight initiation in this insect( Fig. 8 )( Lehmann, 2001 ). In a resting fruit fly that exclusively breathes through the abdominal spiracles, a tracheal CO 2 partial pressure threshold of 5.52 kPa (see previous paragraphs) would be reached within 3.1 s at the given CO 2...

... to morphological changes in branchial chemoreceptors. To accomplish these goals, we first modified and validated an established non-invasive technique for continuous monitoring of breathing frequency and relative breathing amplitude in adult fish. Under normal conditions 20% of zebrafish exhibited an episodic...

...S. F. Perry1; K. M. Gilmour; E. R. Swenson; B. Vulesevic; S. F. Chew; Y. K. Ip SUMMARY Experiments were performed on bimodally breathing African lungfish Protopterus dolloi to examine the effects of inhibition of extracellular vs total (extracellular and intracellular) carbonic anhydrase (CA...

...Rory P. Wilson; Alejandro Simeone; Guillermo Luna-Jorquera; Antje Steinfurth; Sue Jackson; Andreas Fahlman SUMMARY Humboldt penguins Spheniscus humboldti in captivity and free-living Magellanic penguins S. magellanicus were fitted with loggers to determine beak angles during breathing. The Humboldt...

...Kiisa C. Nishikawa; Carl Gans ABSTRACT Electromyography, kinematic analysis, muscle stimulation and denervation techniques were used to investigate the muscular mechanisms of narial closure during breathing and of tongue protraction during prey capture in the marine toad Bufo marinus . Toads were...

... their breathing and locomotion, taking exactly one breath per stride. Three theoretical mechanisms by which the movements of locomotion might drive ventilation are considered. (i) Flexion of the lumbosacral joint and the resulting forward sweep of the pelvis pushes the viscera against the diaphragm. However, back...

...Iain S. Young; Ruth D. Warren; John D. Altringham ABSTRACT Video and ciné films of mammals running at the trot-gallop transition were analysed to measure breathing frequencies. Breathing frequency at the trotgallop transition ( f b , in Hz) was shown to decrease with increasing body mass ( M...

...Patrick Shannon; Donald L. Kramer ABSTRACT Most studies of the control of air breathing in bimodally respiring aquatic animals neglect the influence of depth of dive. However, changes in respiratory patterns with depth may be expected on a number of grounds. Increased hydrostatic pressure...