...) 25 1 2011 © 2011. 2011 begging behaviour black-billed magpie costs and benefits of begging cyproheptadine food allocation honest signalling parent–offspring conflict Pica pica Offspring are genetically different to their parents, and gaining more parental care than...

...Myriam Verstappen; Peter Aerts; Raoul Van Damme ABSTRACT The inter-limb kinematic patterns of walking, running and out-of-phase hopping in black-billed magpies (Pica pica) were studied using high-speed video recordings. The flexion/extension patterns of the joints were similar between the gait...

... benefit to such coordination. * e-mail: [email protected] . 19 2 1997 ©The Company of Biologists Limited 1997 flight breathing pattern black-billed magpie CO 2 respiratory–locomotor coordination Pica pica A number of different ratios between wingbeat...

... cycle. * e-mail: [email protected] . 19 2 1997 ©The Company of Biologists Limited 1997 flight respiration bird kinematics black-billed magpie Pica pica Marey (1890) suggested that forces generated by the flapping of wings during flight might have some...

...Bret W. Tobalske; Kenneth P. Dial ABSTRACT To investigate how birds that differ in morphology change their wing and body movements while flying at a range of speeds, we analyzed high-speed (60 Hz) video tapes of black-billed magpies (Pica pica) flying at speeds of 4–14 m s -1 and pigeons (Columba...