.... I review causes and consequences of wear, damage and moult gaps that temporarily affect wing morphology and flight performance. Bird flight Bat flight Wing wear Aerodynamics Kinematics Drag Vetenskapsrådet http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004359 2020-03707 Knut och...

... of pigeons steering through gaps between obstacles are well modelled by the same proportional navigation guidance law as describes the pursuit behaviours of birds and insects. Visually guided flight Bird flight Gap negotiation Guidance law Proportional navigation Motion capture Columba livia...

...-dimensional centre of mass and moments of inertia of birds of prey. 3D dynamics modelling Centre of mass Inertia tensor Bird flight European Research Council http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100010663 679355 Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council http://dx.doi.org...

... increases net power. Pectoralis major Work loop Skeletal muscle Bird flight Flying animals routinely perform locomotor behaviors that require adjustments to the aerodynamic force they produce. Behaviors such as accelerating and decelerating, maneuvering, changing altitude or carrying...

... of flying birds is presented and used to analyse the gliding flight of a barn owl and peregrine falcon. Bird flight Stereo-photogrammetry Flight dynamics Flight control Wing geometry Tyto alba Falco peregrinus Birds primarily generate the forces required to support and control...

... stall effect, and the transition into flow separation. Also, the influence of the delayed stall and flow separation was clearly visible in measurements of instantaneous net force over the wingbeat cycle. Here, we show that, even at reduced frequencies as low as those of large bird flight, unsteady...

... control stability bird flight insect flight flight simulator photogrammetry virtual reality biomechanics steppe eagle Aquila nipalensis While we may now claim a reasonable understanding of many mechanical and physiological aspects of animal flight control, we do not yet understand...

... of flight control and aerodynamic aspects of flow control. Few previous studies of bird flight have considered the function of the covert feathers (but see Brown and Fedde,1993 ), despite the fact that these make up almost as large a proportion of the total wing surface area as the primaries...

... 2007 © The Company of Biologists Limited 2007 2007 bird flight power curve metabolic rate The rates of metabolic energy release required to support vertebrate flapping flight are far greater than those of other modes of locomotion. The high metabolic cost of flight is especially...

... at frame rate 125 s –1 , shutter speed 1/1850 s) was mounted 4 m downstream from the bird's flight position. The location of the camera far back in the first diffuser causes a negligible effect on the airflow around the bird (see Pennycuick et al.,1997 ). From the camera AVI-output, strings of JPEGs were...

... to supinate (circumflex) the manus in early upstroke, a movement fundamental to reducing air resistance during the recovery stroke. * e-mail: Samuel_Poore@Brown.edu 03 09 1997 © 1997 The Company of Biologists Ltd. 1997 length–force supracoracoideus muscle bird flight flight...

... on a model wing in a wind tunnel: the feathers that form the slotted tips reduce induced drag by acting as winglets that make the wings non-planar and spread vorticity both horizontally and vertically. 22 09 1994 ©The Company of Biologists Limited 1994 bird flight emarginated feathers...

... muscle’s contribution to the control of tail movement. * Present address: Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. 22 10 1992 © 1993 by Company of Biologists 1993 bird flight electromyography tail muscles walking flying pigeon...

... of the circle segment is: and the equations for areas of the triangles and the rectangle are obvious from Fig. 2 . 02 01 1992 © 1992 by Company of Biologists 1992 bird flight centre of area centre of pressure pitch pitching moment primary feathers wind tunnel wing tips...

... predictions about bird flight . Oikos 30 , 165 – 176 . 10.2307/3543476 Pennycuick , C. J. ( 1989 ). Bird Flight Performance . A Practical Calculation Manual . Oxford : Oxford University Press . Pennycuick , C. J. ( 1990 ). Predicting wingbeat frequency and wavelength...

... drag ( D m ) of the frozen falcon body at a speed of 12.4 ms −1 . D s,0 is the drag of the unmodified strut. Identical points are shown slightly offset. 31 10 1989 © 1990 by Company of Biologists 1990 bird flight drag coefficient gliding performance Harris’ hawk...

... tips without separated primaries (aspect ratio=7.7). 31 10 1989 © 1990 by Company of Biologists 1990 bird flight glide angle gliding performance lift coefficient polar curve profile drag sinking speed wind tunnel Soaring birds take advantage of air currents...

... Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. 29 07 1987 © 1988 by Company of Biologists 1988 bird flight electromyography kinematics isometric force measurement The pectoralis and supracoracoideus muscles of birds are often regarded as simple elevators...

... evidence is presented that this apparent wake momentum deficit may arise because the description of the real wake vorticity distribution is too simplistic. The implications of these results for theoretical models of bird flight are briefly discussed. Present address: Department of Aerospace...

... to a consideration of the hypothesis that bird flight originated by saltation ( Caple, Baida & Willis, 1983 ) rather than gliding. The values reported here for leg thrust should be interpreted as minimum values. If the wings are contributing lift, either by ‘clap-and-fling’ or steady-state aero-dynamics...