..., allowing the foot to either be submerged (for hydrodynamic loading) or raised above the water surface (inertial loading). Xenopus laevis is an ideal model for biorobotics, in part because thrust is mainly produced by foot rotation (as opposed to rotation and translation) ( Richards, 2010 ). Importantly...

...Promode R. Bandyopadhyay; David N. Beal; Alberico Menozzi SUMMARY Many animals maneuver superbly underwater using their pectoral appendages. These animals range from sunfish, which have flexible, low aspect ratio fins,to penguins, which have relatively stiff, high aspect ratio wings. Biorobotics...