... arctic ground squirrels shows a decrease in brown adipose tissue and skeletal muscle, suggesting that rewarming over periodic arousals may cause localized attrition. Brown adipose tissue Skeletal muscle Oxidative damage Biomarker Reactive oxygen species qPCR Hibernation is used...

... No competing interests declared. 23 5 2013 19 7 2013 © 2013. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd 2013 avian ecophysiology biomarker feather corticosterone hormone implants integrated measure nestling birds stress physiology Ecologists increasingly seek measures...

..., in the present review we will use the term oxidative stress only as ‘an increase in the level of reactive species and/or oxidant biomarkers’ (Table 1). Adopting this definition, oxidative stress is verified by increased formation of reactive species and/or increased levels of biochemical products (e.g. F 2...

... biomarker coral disease global change vibriosis Coral reef ecosystems are among the most biologically diverse and complex marine ecosystems worldwide. In addition to their biological and ecological importance, coral reefs support major economic and physical functions (e.g. food production...

... for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected]) 27 10 2000 03 01 2001 © 2001 by Company of Biologists 2001 xenobiotic resistance Fundulus heteroclitus hepatocyte biomarker multidrug transporter The multidrug-resistance (MDR) phenotype is the ability of cells to acquire...