... is difficult to achieve for swimming fish because the whole body deforms like a bending beam: as the vertebral column flexes laterally, longitudinal muscle strain increases along a medio-lateral gradient. Similar dorsoventral strain gradients have been identified as the vertebral column flexes dorsally during...

... tensile loading. It is possible that sloth limb bones are modified for enhanced tensile strength, perhaps at the expense of compressive strength. Forelimb and hindlimb bones of two-toed ( Choloepus hoffmanni ) and three-toed ( Bradypus variegatus ) sloths were tested in compression and bending to evaluate...

... than inactive or dead locusts. This indicates a possible tradeoff between active control versus reduced speed. Interestingly, alive insects also tended to perform a characteristic bending movement of the body at impact. This biomechanical adaptation might reduce the rebound and shorten the time...

... Wood Road, PO Box 2000 Kenosha, WI 53141-2000, USA ( [email protected] ) 9 8 2011 16 4 2012 © 2012. 2012 pectoral fin fin ray lepidotrichia second moment of area bending sculpin The ray-finned fishes (Actinopterygii) are named for the bony dermal fin rays...

... © 2011. 2011 Erodium cicutarium seed dispersal awn bending hygroscopic movement burial biomechanics fast movement in plants ballistic movement The ability of seeds to disperse away from the parent plant and bury themselves can improve their chances of germinating...

... and bending frequency measured during steady undulatory swimming. To assess the notochord's contribution to the mechanical behavior of the whole body, we also measured EI and C of the whole body, the body with skin removed, and the notochord with the outer fibrous sheath removed. When subjected to dynamic...

...A. Roland Ennos ABSTRACT The magnitude and distribution of the torques caused by inertial and aerodynamic forces on the wings of Diptera in flight are calculated. The bending torque at stroke reversal due to the inertia of the virtual mass of air bound to the wing is only slightly less than...