... no competing or financial interests. 17 3 2022 18 5 2022 © 2022. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd 2022 Summary: Forces experienced during burrowing drive shape variation in mid-trunk to posterior trunk vertebrae in caecilians. Axial skeleton Geometric morphometrics...

... for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected]) 21 9 2006 © The Company of Biologists Limited 2006 2006 vertebrae axial skeleton notochord stiffness swimming navigation robots evolution To test hypotheses about biomechanical adaptations, selection experiments on living populations...

..., the variables EI and C interact over a range of swimming speeds to produce passive mechanical stability. * Author for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected]) 9 9 2002 © The Company of Biologists Limited 2002 2002 notochord backbone axial skeleton hagfish swimming bending...

..., undulatory waves can be produced by alternating left–right contractions of either all the axial muscle or just the precaudal axial muscle. As judged by changes in swimming speed, most of the locomotor power is generated precaudally and transmitted to the caudal fin by way of the skin and axial skeleton...