... swimming. Among 13 species of balistoid fishes, those with high aspect ratio fins tended to achieve higher critical swimming speeds than fishes with low aspect ratio fins. Species with long, large median fins and wide caudal peduncles used the balistiform gait alone for a larger percentage of their total...

... type, migration distance and fuel load from 213 European bird species and explored three questions: (1) does maximum fuel load relate to migration distance across species?; (2) does wing morphology, as described by wing aspect ratio and wing loading, influence maximum fuel load?; and (3) does flight...

... Aspect ratio Power Aerodynamics Kinematics Take-off is the means by which animals initiate flight and become airborne ( Earls, 2000 ; Pennycuick, 2008 ). In some instances, take-off is also an important component of predator avoidance, and performing rapid take-off flights can increase...

... ). The positive relationship between ossicle density and aspect ratio observed in P. ochraceus ( Fig. 7 ) provides further evidence for this mechanism; surface rugosity and ossicle density tend to increase with increasing aspect ratio, as would be expected if the shape of P. ochraceus is achieved through...

... selection has apparently favored stability and seaworthiness over performance to windward. The Velella sail is a low aspect ratio airfoil with an unusually flat polar plot. Primarily a drag-based locomotory structure, this thin, leaf-like sail generates maximum force when oriented at attack angles between...