... and characterize the range of limb motions used by flappers versus rowers, and (2) assess whether the synchronous forelimb motions of C. insculpta can be classified as flapping (i.e. whether they exhibit forelimb kinematics and angles of attack more similar to closely related rowing species or more distantly...

..., the angles of attack used by the squirrels were unexpectedly high, ranging from 35.4°to 53.5°, far above the angle of attack at which an aircraft wing would typically stall. As expected based on aerodynamic theory, there was a negative correlation between angle of attack and lift coefficient, indicating...

...Alexander P. Willmott; Charles P. Ellington ABSTRACT A robust technique for determining the angle of attack of insect wings from film of free flight has to date proved elusive. This report describes the development of two new methods – the Strips and Planes techniques – which were designed...