...Robert A. Griffin; Chris N. Glover; Jenelle D. McCuaig; Tamzin A. Blewett ABSTRACT Dissolved organic matter is a ubiquitous component of freshwater and marine environments, and includes small nutrient molecules, such as amino acids, which may be available for uptake by aquatic biota. Epithelial...

... that microvillous neurons contributed the most to the detection of amino acids, as in other fishes. Conversely, we found that ciliated neurons contributed the most to the detection of conjugated steroids, known as pheromone candidates. We also found that V2Rs, the major receptor type in microvillous neurons...

... to elevated P CO 2 or the consequent reduction in seawater pH and, if the former, the possible involvement of carbonic anhydrase, the enzyme responsible for the hydration of CO 2 and production of carbonic acid. Olfactory sensitivity to amino acids was assessed by extracellular multi-unit recording from...

...). The results indicate that T. squamosa absorbs exogenous urea, and the rate of urea uptake in the light was significantly higher than that in darkness. The DUR3-like coding sequence obtained from its ctenidium comprised 2346 bp, encoding a protein of 782 amino acids and 87.0 kDa. DUR3-like was expressed...

... show differences in amino acids and biogenic amines. We took newly emerged bees and fed them with Nosema ceranae . At approximate nurse and forager ages, we employed an odor-associative conditioning assay using the proboscis extension reflex and two bioanalytical techniques to measure changes in brain...

...Naoko Toshima; Teiichi Tanimura SUMMARY Like mammals, insects need to ingest proteins from foods because they cannot synthesise several amino acids. Amino acids are also essential nutrients for Drosophila melanogaster , especially for female egg production, but how flies detect amino acids and how...

...) that comprise their olfactory organs. We also calculated the olfactory thresholds and relative effectiveness of amino acid odorants for each species. The olfactory organs varied in both the number of lamellae and lamellar surface area, which may be related to their general habitat, but neither correlated...

...(10‰) on olfactory responses to changes in environmental[Ca 2+ ] and [Na + ] and amino acids by the electro-encephalogram (EEG) recorded from the olfactory bulb. The sole showed olfactory responses to increases in environmental [Na + ] and decreases in environmental [Ca 2+ ]; sensitivity to Na...

... attractant by bioassay-guided fractionation and high-performance liquid chromatography, and chemically identified it as the free-amino acid l -tryptophan ( l -Trp). In the present study, levels of this ecologically meaningful compound were quantified in various abalone tissues, and in freshly spawned eggs...

...-mail: [email protected] ) 30 10 2007 © The Company of Biologists Limited 2008 2008 amino acid Rhodnius prolixus calcitonin diuretic hormone Rhodnius prolixus is a blood-feeding hemipteran and is one of the species responsible for the transmission of Chagas' disease. Rhodnius...

... be met through the upregulation of intermediary metabolism. Arctic char intermediary metabolism was monitored during the initial 96 h of seawater acclimation through measurement of key enzymes in gill, liver, red and white muscle as well as tissue and blood free amino acid (FAA) levels, and plasma...

.... The free amino acid,arginine, is abundant in fluids emitted by injured worms. Here, we demonstrate that arginine is a natural suppressant of TTX-stimulated larval escape behavior. Compared to a tapwater control, larvae initiated vigorous swimming in response to 10 –7 mol l –1 TTX. This excitatory response...

... here) to those of conspecific larvae (as studied previously). Bioassays were performed in mountain streams,testing responses of free-ranging adults to 13 individual l -amino acids. Relative to stream water (controls), adults turned immediately upcurrent and moved to the source of arginine, glycine...

...Konrad Dabrowski; Bendik F. Terjesen; Yongfang Zhang; James M. Phang; Kyeong-Jun Lee SUMMARY The premise that a dietary dipeptide approach will improve the understanding of amino acid utilization in the fastest-growing vertebrate, the teleost fish, was tested by examining the muscle free amino acid...

... was the considerable excretion of nitrogen as amino acids(4–10%), via the gills, and as protein (3–11%), probably via the body mucus. Use of anal sutures delineated an important role for the gastrointestinal tract in the production of ammonia-N and urea-N in fed fish, but amino acid-N and protein-N output...

... amino acid carbamoyl phosphate synthetase elasmobranch Himantura signifer nitrogen metabolism ornithine-urea cycle osmoregulation stingray urea urea excretion The synthesis of excretory urea in certain land planaria( Campbell, 1965 ), earthworms(Bishop and Campbell, 1963 , 1965...

.... Indeed, there were significant decreases in glutamate, glutamine and lysine levels in the livers of fish exposed to air, which led to a decrease in the total free amino acid content. This indirectly confirms that the specimen had reduced its rates of proteolysis and/or amino acid catabolism to suppress...

... appropriately with 0.2 mol l -1 lithium citrate buffer (pH 2.2). FAAs were analyzed using a Shimadzu LC-6A amino acid analysis system (Kyoto, Japan) with a Shim-pack ISC-07/S1504 Li-type column. Results are expressed as μmol g -1 wet mass tissue or mmol l -1 plasma. Samples were homogenized as stated...

... exposure. Instead, ammonia produced through amino acid catabolism was detoxified to glutamine, leading to the accumulation of glutamine in the body during the first 72 h of aerial exposure. Complimenting the increased glutamine formation was a significant increase in glutamine synthetase activity...

... the standpoint of the receptor-mediated effects, but the molecular mechanisms involved in the termination of the numerous glutamatergic signals have only recently begun to receive attention. In vertebrates, glutamatergic signals are terminated by Na + /K + -dependent high-affinity excitatory amino acid...