... the Andes can greatly buffer climate. Butterflies inhabiting high elevations are less thermally tolerant but common-garden experiments suggest this is largely due to phenotypic plasticity. WorldClim Altitude Thermal tolerance Heliconius Climate change Temperature Lepidoptera Land use...

...Sabine L. Lague; Beverly Chua; Luis Alza; Graham R. Scott; Peter B. Frappell; Yang Zhong; Anthony P. Farrell; Kevin G. McCracken; Yuxiang Wang; William K. Milsom ABSTRACT Many high-altitude vertebrates have evolved increased capacities in their oxygen transport cascade (ventilation, pulmonary...

...Yan-Feng Sun; Zhi-Peng Ren; Yue-Feng Wu; Fu-Min Lei; Robert Dudley; Dong-Ming Li ABSTRACT Limits to flight performance at high altitude potentially reflect variable constraints deriving from the simultaneous challenges of hypobaric, hypodense and cold air. Differences in flight-related morphology...

... to flight mechanical theory, wingbeat frequency and air speed should increase with decreasing air density, i.e. increasing flight altitude. Although wind tunnel experiments have shed light on many aspects of avian flight, the effect of air density remained ambiguous, because air density could...

...Mark A. Chappell; Elizabeth M. Dlugosz SUMMARY Hypoxia at high altitudes is often assumed to constrain exercise capacity,but there have been few high- versus low-altitude comparisons of species native to a wide range of altitudes. Such studies are ecologically realistic, as wild-caught animals...

... are consistent with the hypothesis that increasing altitude is associated with decreased success and with increased risk of death. References Avery, J. G., Harper, P. and Ackryod, S. ( 1990 ). Do we pay too dearly for our sport and leisure activities? Public Health 104 , 417 –423. Burtscher, M...

...J. L. Rupert; P. W. Hochachka SUMMARY Despite the initial discomfort often experienced by visitors to high altitude, humans have occupied the Andean altiplano for more than 10000 years, and millions of people, indigenous and otherwise, currently live on these plains, high in the mountains of South...

... myocardial ischaemia developed. Cardiorespiratory function during maximal exercise at different altitudes or at different oxygen fractions of inspired air provides a definitive test for the presence of a governor and its function. If skeletal muscle anaerobiosis is the protected variable then, under...

...Kimberly A. Hammond; Joe Szewczak; Elżbieta Król SUMMARY Small mammals living in high-altitude environments must endure decreased ambient temperatures and hypoxic conditions relative to sea-level environments. Previously, it was noted that heart, lung and digestive tract masses and blood...