... showed that adrenaline elicits a dose-dependent β-adrenoreceptor (AR)-mediated increase in f V that does not require expression of β1-ARs, as the hyperventilatory response to β-AR stimulation was unaltered in adrb1 −/− mutants, generated by CRISPR/Cas9 knockout. In response to hypoxia and propranolol co...

... the resultant effects on cardiac output in anesthetized animals. Atrial ligation had no significant effects on total systemic blood flow before or after adrenaline injection. Unexpectedly, pulmonary flow was increased following atrial ligation prior to adrenaline treatment, but was unaffected after...

.... Physiological levels of d -glucose did not influence twitch force development for aerobic preparations (1) paced at 0.5 or 1.1 Hz, (2) at 15 or 23°C, (3) receiving adrenergic stimulation or (4) during reoxygenation with or without adrenaline after severe hypoxia. Contractile responses to ryanodine, an inhibitor...

... for rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss and brown trout Salmo trutta at similar temperatures and with tonic adrenergic (5 nmol l –1 adrenaline) stimulation. For 22°C-acclimated sea bass, heart rate was significantly higher, but maximum stroke volume was reduced by 22% (1.05±0.05 ml kg –1 )compared with 18°C...

... contribute to this bradycardia is unknown. We examined how temperature acclimation, oxygen deprivation,acidosis, hyperkalemia, hypercalcemia and adrenaline affect chronotropy in the turtle myocardium. We monitored spontaneous contraction rates of right-atrial preparations obtained from 21°C- and 5°C...

... cardiac performance in the presence and absence of maximal adrenergic stimulation was assessed with in situ rainbow trout hearts using relevant hyperkalemic (5.0 mmol l –1 K + ), acidotic(pH 7.5) and hypoxic challenges. With tonic adrenergic stimulation (5.0 nmol l –1 adrenaline), hearts produced only...

..., Python regius , the tegu lizard, Tupinanvis merianae , and the varanid lizard, Varanus exanthematicus . Force-frequency trials and imposed pauses were performed on ventricular and atrial tissue from each species with and without the SR inhibitor ryanodine, and in the absence and presence of adrenaline...

... and Fritsche, 1999 ) analyzed the early existence of adrenergic and cholinergic receptors in Xenopus larvae, and they observed that Xenopus larvae do respond to cholinergic stimulation much earlier than to adrenaline. The positive response to an externally applied agonist demonstrates the presence...

... SNP and therefore was set to 100%. ODQ treatment resulted in ∼8-, 5.6- and a 5.4-fold increases in noradrenaline, adrenaline and total catecholamine secretion rates,respectively, when compared to saline treated fish( Fig. 6A ). NO secretion rates for ODQ treated preparations showed an ∼1.5-fold...

... desensitization. * Author for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected] ) 14 8 2003 © The Company of Biologists Limited 2003 2003 catecholamine adrenaline noradrenaline VIP PACAP stress nicotinic receptor angiotensin II muscarinic receptor rainbow trout Oncorhynchus...

...) are co-released with acetylcholine from preganglionic fibres upon nerve stimulation. Both VIP and PACAP elicit the secretion of exclusively adrenaline from rainbow trout chromaffin cells, which presumably arises from the activation of VPAC type receptors. Thus, the goals of the present study were (1...

... release during acute hypoxia during periods of nicotinic receptor desensitisation.Despite nicotinic receptor desensitisation induced by intravenous infusion of nicotine (1.3×10 –5 mol kg –1 h –1 ), plasma catecholamine levels were increased to levels (adrenaline plus noradrenaline 125–200 nmol l –1...

...J. S. Nielsen; H. Gesser ABSTRACT Increases in extracellular K + concentrations reduced the twitch force amplitude of heart muscle from the freshwater turtle ( Trachemys scripta elegans ) and rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ). Adrenaline augmented twitch force amplitude and reduced the relative...

... bradycardia, while the intrinsic effects of anoxia and acidosis are probably important during chronic anoxia. Injection of adrenaline caused a pressor response through increased systemic resistance at both acclimation temperatures. This response was blunted by acute and chronic anoxic exposure, suggesting...

... zebrafish Danio rerio, European eel Anguilla anguilla adrenaline The salmon louse ( Lepeophtheirus salmonis ) is an ectoparasitic copepod that infests both wild and farmed salmonid fishes ( Brandal et al., 1976 ; Pike, 1989 ; Stuart, 1990 ; Costello, 1993 ; Tully et al., 1993 ; Nagasawa...

... microcirculation cardiovascular system development zebrafish Danio rerio European eel Anguilla anguilla adrenaline The use of photographic cine film images to analyse physiological events dates back several decades, but with respect to the documentation of circulatory phenomena or cardiac...

... cell nicotinic receptors and (ii) to assess the ability of fish to secrete catecholamines during acute hypoxia with or without functional nicotinic receptors. Intra-arterial injection of nicotine (6.0×10 −7 mol kg −1 ) caused a rapid increase in plasma adrenaline and noradrenaline levels; the magnitude...

... (adrenaline plus noradrenaline) secretion in response to (A) 10 −7 mol kg −1 nicotine ( N =14) or (B) 10 −6 mol kg −1 nicotine ( N =16) in a perfused posterior cardinal vein preparation of rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ). For each dose, nicotine was administered to 7/8 preparations under conditions...

... values in Chionodraco rastrospinosus were similar to red-blooded species (178±45 nmol g −1 h −1 ). Circulating catecholamine levels were extremely high in all species after fishing stress, with adrenaline levels 3–4 times higher than noradrenaline levels. Cortisol levels remained low, ranging from 1.33...

... field stimulation caused specific voltage-dependent neuronal stimulation of adrenaline and noradrenaline secretion. The contribution of non-specific depolarization was negligible. Several experimental results confirmed the specificity of the field stimulation technique. First, pre-treatment...